Patients n |
15071 |
1211 |
11408 |
2452 |
|
|
Age yrs |
76 (70–80) |
76 (70–80) |
76 (70–80) |
76 (70–81) |
0.74 |
0.45 |
Males |
98.3 |
98.2 |
98.4 |
98.2 |
0.61 |
0.89 |
Race |
|
|
|
|
0.02 |
0.04 |
White |
82.1 |
79.4 |
82.5 |
81.3 |
|
|
黑色的 |
13.4 |
15.5 |
13.3 |
12.6 |
|
|
Other |
4.5 |
5.1 |
4.2 |
6.0 |
|
|
Hispanic ethnicity |
7.2 |
13.1 |
5.8 |
10.6 |
<0.001 |
0.02 |
HCAP risk factors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hospitalisation within 90 days |
66.3 |
77.7 |
62.4 |
78.9 |
<0.001 |
0.42 |
Nursing home resident within 90 days |
2.9 |
3.0 |
2.8 |
3.5 |
0.71 |
0.36 |
Haemodialysis |
43.4 |
42.4 |
45.5 |
33.9 |
0.04 |
<0.001 |
Outpatienti.v.antibiotic therapy within 90 days |
12.1 |
12.6 |
11.9 |
12.4 |
0.53 |
0.89 |
≥2 HCAP risk factors |
22.6 |
31.1 |
21.0 |
25.7 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
Charlson Index score |
3 (2–5) |
4 (2–6) |
4 (2–5) |
3 (2–5) |
0.03 |
<0.001 |
Comorbid conditions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Myocardial infarction |
10.3 |
10.0 |
10.2 |
11.3 |
0.83 |
0.25 |
Heart failure |
36.7 |
31.5 |
37.8 |
34.3 |
<0.001 |
0.09 |
Cerebrovascular disease |
23.0 |
24.9 |
22.4 |
24.6 |
0.05 |
0.84 |
COPD |
56.6 |
50.7 |
58.0 |
52.6 |
<0.001 |
0.28 |
Liver disease |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
0.95 |
0.72 |
CKD |
44.0 |
43.2 |
46.1 |
34.8 |
0.05 |
<0.001 |
Diabetes |
38.7 |
41.6 |
38.7 |
37.4 |
0.05 |
0.01 |
Neoplastic disease |
29.0 |
35.8 |
28.0 |
30.4 |
<0.001 |
0.001 |
HIV/AIDS |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.56 |
0.86 |
年代ubstance abuse or dependence |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tobacco use |
37.6 |
33.1 |
38.9 |
33.9 |
<0.001 |
0.62 |
Alcohol abuse or dependence |
4.9 |
4.0 |
4.8 |
5.8 |
0.26 |
0.03 |
Medication use within 90 days |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cardiovascular medications |
76.1 |
65.7 |
78.9 |
68.3 |
<0.001 |
0.12 |
Antidiabetic medications |
26.8 |
25.5 |
27.5 |
24.3 |
0.14 |
0.41 |
Inhaled corticosteroids |
25.0 |
19.5 |
26.4 |
20.9 |
<0.001 |
0.31 |
Systemic corticosteroids |
29.6 |
26.5 |
30.5 |
26.5 |
0.003 |
0.98 |
Pulmonary medications |
41.9 |
35.6 |
43.6 |
37.1 |
<0.001 |
0.38 |
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation |
1.2 |
2.0 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
Organ failure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any organ failure |
18.0 |
22.0 |
17.9 |
16.4 |
0.001 |
<0.001 |
Neurological |
1.6 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
0.77 |
0.52 |
Renal |
17.6 |
21.9 |
17.6 |
15.7 |
0.0002 |
<0.001 |
Haematological |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
0.29 |
0.99 |
Hepatic |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.74 |
0.72 |