TY -的T1 pre-extensively的新定义and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: update from the World Health Organization JF - European Respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J DO - 10.1183/13993003.00361-2021 VL - 57 IS - 4 SP - 2100361 AU - Viney, Kerri AU - Linh, Nguyen Nhat AU - Gegia, Medea AU - Zignol, Matteo AU - Glaziou, Philippe AU - Ismail, Nazir AU - Kasaeva, Tereza AU - Mirzayev, Fuad Y1 - 2021/04/01 UR - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/57/4/2100361.abstract N2 - Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin [1], emerged as a threat to tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide in the 1990s [2]. This form of TB required the use of second-line drugs that were less effective, more toxic and costlier than first-line isoniazid- and rifampicin-based regimens. MDR-TB was one of the first infectious conditions to alert national authorities worldwide to the importance of antimicrobial resistance as a public health challenge of the future, further emphasised by outbreaks of MDR-TB in the USA and Europe [3–5]. Recognising the global importance of this emerging problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its first guidelines on the management of drug-resistant TB in 1996 and has updated them regularly since [1, 6].The definition of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis has been updated by the World Health Organization and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been defined https://bit.ly/30FdffcWe would like to acknowledge and thank the two co-chairs of this meeting, Mario Raviglione and Jeremiah Chakaya, as well as the numerous experts who attended the meeting and who contributed to the discussions. The meeting participants were: Charles Daley, Anneke Hesseling, Carole Mitnick, Zarir Udwadia, Christoph Lange, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Mario Raviglione, Olivia Keiser, Janne Estill, Simon Tiberi, Francesca Conradie, Keertan Dheda, Jonathon Campbell, Norbert Ndjeka, Irina Vasilyeva, Yuhong Liu, Kuldeep Sachdeva, Julia Rios, Tutik Kusmiati, Alena Skrahina, Thandar Hmun, Lucica Ditiu, Morten Ruhwald, Cathy Hewison, Agnes Gebhard, Kobto Koura, Draurio Barreira, Mohammed Yassin, Marlena Kaczmarek, Mukadi Ya Diul, Charles Wells, Mel Spigelman, Daniela Cirillo, Harald Hoffmann, Dissou Affolabi, Moses Joloba, Rumina Hassan, Vithal Prasad Myneedu, Renzong Li, Diana Vakhrusheva, Lindsay McKenna, Jamilya Ismoilova, Angela Starks, Heather Alexander, Sarabjit Chadha and Jeremiah Chakaya Muhwa. In addition, we thank the WHO staff who attended this meeting: Tauhid Islam, Mukta Sharma, Vineet Bhatia, Askar Yedilbayev, Rafael Lopez Olarte, Muhammad Akhtar, Jean Louis Abena Foe, Michel Gasana, Tereza Kasaeva, Matteo Zignol, Fuad Mirzayev, Medea Gegia, Linh Nguyen, Kerri Viney, Dennis Falzon, Ernesto Jaramillo, Nazir Ismail, Philippe Glaziou, Anna Dean, Marek Lalli, Marie-Christine Bartens, Nick Argent, Kitty van Weezenbeek, Olga Tosas Auguet and Kyung Hyun Oh. ER -