TY - T1的环孢霉素:一个古老的武器对抗冠状病毒JF -欧洲呼吸杂志》乔和J - 10.1183/13993003.02484 -2020欧元SP - 2002484 AU Molyvdas亚当盟——Matalon萨迪Y1 - 2020/01/01 UR - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/early/2020/07/23/13993003.02484 - 2020. -抽象N2 -冠状病毒已导致呼吸道感染人类和其他哺乳动物肠道感染。导致COVID-19的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2)是已知可感染人类的冠状病毒科第7种病毒。截至2002年，共有四种感染人类的冠状病毒(HCoV- NL63、HCoV- 229e、HCoV- OC43和HKU1)。这些病毒只在具有免疫能力的宿主中引起轻微的呼吸道疾病。自2002年以来，已从该家族中鉴定出三种高致病性病毒。SARS-CoV(也称为SARS-CoV-1)是一种包膜的、正意识的单链RNA病毒，它会感染肺内的上皮细胞。病毒通过与血管紧张素转换酶2[1]结合进入宿主细胞。它会感染人类、蝙蝠和棕榈果子狸[1]。该病在2002-2003年出现，死亡率约为10%，但传播性有限(约8100例，R0<1)[2-5]。感染者出现流感样症状，可发展为肺炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和死于呼吸衰竭和多器官衰竭。 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and was the second highly pathogenic virus of this family [6], yet with relatively low rate of transmission. MERS-CoV had even higher mortality than SARS-CoV (30%), but again was characterised by low transmissibility (approximately 2500 cases since 2012, R0<1) [6]. Typical MERS symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is common, but not always present. Gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, have also been reported. Some laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection are reported as asymptomatic. Most of these asymptomatic cases have been detected following aggressive contact tracing of a laboratory-confirmed case. Dromedary Camels are a major reservoir host for this virus.“Cyclosporine inhibits the replication of coronaviruses and could potentially suppress the cytokine storm associated with coronavirus infections”This work was supported by the CounterACT Program, National Institutes of Health Office of the Director (NIH OD), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Grant Numbers (5UO1 ES026458; 3UO1 ES026458 03S1; 5UO1 ES027697) to SM ER -