提炼
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as结核分枝杆菌with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin [1], emerged as a threat to tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide in the 1990s [2]. This form of TB required the use of second-line drugs that were less effective, more toxic and costlier than first-line isoniazid- and rifampicin-based regimens. MDR-TB was one of the first infectious conditions to alert national authorities worldwide to the importance of antimicrobial resistance as a public health challenge of the future, further emphasised by outbreaks of MDR-TB in the USA and Europe [3–5]. Recognising the global importance of this emerging problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its first guidelines on the management of drug-resistant TB in 1996 and has updated them regularly since [1, 6].
抽象的
The definition of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis has been updated by the World Health Organization and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been definedhttps://bit.ly/30fdffc
Acknowledgements
我们要感谢并感谢这次会议的两个联合主席Mario Raviglione和Jeremiah Chakaya,以及参加会议并为讨论做出贡献的众多专家。The meeting participants were: Charles Daley, Anneke Hesseling, Carole Mitnick, Zarir Udwadia, Christoph Lange, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Mario Raviglione, Olivia Keiser, Janne Estill, Simon Tiberi, Francesca Conradie, Keertan Dheda, Jonathon Campbell, Norbert Ndjeka, Irina Vasilyeva, Yuhong Liu, Kuldeep Sachdeva, Julia Rios, Tutik Kusmiati, Alena Skrahina, Thandar Hmun, Lucica Ditiu, Morten Ruhwald, Cathy Hewison, Agnes Gebhard, Kobto Koura, Draurio Barreira, Mohammed Yassin, Marlena Kaczmarek, Mukadi Ya Diul, Charles Wells,梅尔·斯皮格曼(Mel Spigelman),丹妮拉·西里洛(Daniela Cirillo),哈拉德·霍夫曼(Harald Hoffmann),迪索·阿罗比(Dissou offolabi),摩西·乔利巴(Moses Joloba),鲁玛娜·哈桑(Rumina Hassan),维塔尔·普拉萨德·米内杜(Vithal Prasad MerneeduIn addition, we thank the WHO staff who attended this meeting: Tauhid Islam, Mukta Sharma, Vineet Bhatia, Askar Yedilbayev, Rafael Lopez Olarte, Muhammad Akhtar, Jean Louis Abena Foe, Michel Gasana, Tereza Kasaeva, Matteo Zignol, Fuad Mirzayev, MedeaGegia,Linh Nguyen,Kerri Viney,Dennis Falzon,Ernesto Jaramillo,Nazir Ismail,Philippe Glaziou,Anna Dean,Marek Lalli,Marie-Christine Bartens,Nick nick Argent,Nick Argent,Kitty van Weezenbeek,Olga van Weezenbeek,Olga Tosas Auguet和Kyuet Hyuun and Kyunn和Kyunn。
脚注
利益冲突:N.N。Linh没有什么可披露的。
利益冲突:Gegia M.没有什么可披露的。
利益冲突:Zignol M.无需披露。
Conflict of interest: P. Glaziou has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: N. Ismail has nothing to disclose.
利益冲突:T。Kasaeva没有什么可披露的。
Conflict of interest: F. Mirzayev has nothing to disclose.
利益冲突:k Viney has nothing to disclose.
Support statement: This work was supported by the World Health Organization. Funding information for this article has been deposited with theCrossref Funder Registry.
- 已收到2021年2月5日。
- Accepted2021年3月8日。
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