Extract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), defined as Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin [1], emerged as a threat to tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide in the 1990s [2]. This form of TB required the use of second-line drugs that were less effective, more toxic and costlier than first-line isoniazid- and rifampicin-based regimens. MDR-TB was one of the first infectious conditions to alert national authorities worldwide to the importance of antimicrobial resistance as a public health challenge of the future, further emphasised by outbreaks of MDR-TB in the USA and Europe [3–5]. Recognising the global importance of this emerging problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its first guidelines on the management of drug-resistant TB in 1996 and has updated them regularly since [1, 6].
Abstract
The definition of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis has been updated by the World Health Organization and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis has been defined https://bit.ly/30Fdffc
Acknowledgements
We would like to acknowledge and thank the two co-chairs of this meeting, Mario Raviglione and Jeremiah Chakaya, as well as the numerous experts who attended the meeting and who contributed to the discussions. The meeting participants were: Charles Daley, Anneke Hesseling, Carole Mitnick, Zarir Udwadia, Christoph Lange, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Mario Raviglione, Olivia Keiser, Janne Estill, Simon Tiberi, Francesca Conradie, Keertan Dheda, Jonathon Campbell, Norbert Ndjeka, Irina Vasilyeva, Yuhong Liu, Kuldeep Sachdeva, Julia Rios, Tutik Kusmiati, Alena Skrahina, Thandar Hmun, Lucica Ditiu, Morten Ruhwald, Cathy Hewison, Agnes Gebhard, Kobto Koura, Draurio Barreira, Mohammed Yassin, Marlena Kaczmarek, Mukadi Ya Diul, Charles Wells, Mel Spigelman, Daniela Cirillo, Harald Hoffmann, Dissou Affolabi, Moses Joloba, Rumina Hassan, Vithal Prasad Myneedu, Renzong Li, Diana Vakhrusheva, Lindsay McKenna, Jamilya Ismoilova, Angela Starks, Heather Alexander, Sarabjit Chadha and Jeremiah Chakaya Muhwa. In addition, we thank the WHO staff who attended this meeting: Tauhid Islam, Mukta Sharma, Vineet Bhatia, Askar Yedilbayev, Rafael Lopez Olarte, Muhammad Akhtar, Jean Louis Abena Foe, Michel Gasana, Tereza Kasaeva, Matteo Zignol, Fuad Mirzayev, Medea Gegia, Linh Nguyen, Kerri Viney, Dennis Falzon, Ernesto Jaramillo, Nazir Ismail, Philippe Glaziou, Anna Dean, Marek Lalli, Marie-Christine Bartens, Nick Argent, Kitty van Weezenbeek, Olga Tosas Auguet and Kyung Hyun Oh.
Footnotes
Conflict of interest: N.N. Linh has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: M. Gegia has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: M. Zignol has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: P. Glaziou has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: N. Ismail has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: T. Kasaeva has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: F. Mirzayev has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: K. Viney has nothing to disclose.
Support statement: This work was supported by the World Health Organization. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry.
- Received February 5, 2021.
- Accepted March 8, 2021.
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