摘要
呼吸系统阻抗的测量,使用强迫振荡技术(FOT),已被多次提出作为一种工具的职业健康筛查。本研究的目的是比较阻抗测量和流量-容积曲线的结果,并研究肺功能下降与特定暴露和吸烟之间的关系。在为期5年的跟踪调查中(1990-1995年),这两种测量方法应用于七个主要生产/人员组的136名化学工人。两个时间点气道阻塞(一秒用力呼气量(FEV1) <预测值的80%)的发生率约为5%,但不一定包括相同的受试者。5年来第一呼气第一秒平均下降200 mL(预计下降160 mL)。虽然在这两年中,大多数阻抗参数与流量-体积参数相关,FEV1 (> 330 mL)的5年快速下降仅伴随着8 Hz (X8)电抗的显著下降和共振频率(f0)的增加。有趣的是,1990年开始时,第一秒吐气次数的下降显著依赖于年龄、工作年限、包年、第一秒吐气次数和所有阻抗参数(r = 0.35;p = 0.01)。同样,f0的增加也显著依赖于开始时的年龄、工作年限、包年、f0、FEV1、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰值流量(PEF)和最大呼气中流量(MMEF) (r = 0.56;p < 0.01)。 Those with a rapid decline in FEV1, were relatively more represented among acid workers (relative risk (RR) = 2.14), maintenance workers (RR = 2.1) and bulk/transport workers (RR = 1.78), but none of these was significant. Lung function, however, was significantly lower in the bulk/transport workers (n = 14) compared to the rest, based both on flow-volume (FEV1, FVC) and impedance (X8, f0) measurements. Smoking had a significant effect on most flow-volume parameters but only for frequency dependence among the impedance outcomes. It is concluded that alterations in impedance parameters do reflect changes in flow-volume curves induced by age. smoking and occupational exposure. Therefore, these data are a valuable extension to current cross-sectional data.