摘要
虽然越来越多的证据表明空气污染对儿童下呼吸道疾病产生不利影响,但关于高水平和中等水平的空气污染对上呼吸道疾病发病率的影响却知之甚少。对居住在东德莱比锡的9 - 11岁小学生(n = 1854)进行了研究。上呼吸道症状的存在由一名医生记录。测量了二氧化硫、颗粒物(PM)和氮氧化物(NOx)的日平均浓度和最高浓度,以及温度和湿度。此外,我们还向家长发放了一份自行填写的问卷,以评估混杂因素。1500名(81%)儿童的父母返还了问卷。SO2平均浓度(odds ratio, OR) = 1.72时,在控制父亲教育的情况下,被动烟雾暴露、兄弟姐妹数量、温度和湿度均增加了上呼吸道症状发生的风险;95%置信区间(95% CI) 1.19-2.49)。NOx平均浓度(OR = 1.53;95% CI 1.01-2.31)和PM最大值(OR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.08-2.45). In the summer months, only NOx mean concentrations were associated with a significantly increased risk (OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.21-2.73). A combination of high mean levels of different pollutants resulted in the highest risk (OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.30-3.37 in the winter, and OR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.23-3.81 in the summer). We conclude that high concentrations of SO2, and moderate levels of particulate matters and NOx are associated with an increased risk of developing upper respiratory symptoms in childhood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)