灵活的诊断产生bronchoscopy with direct standard forceps biopsy ranges from 72% to 82% in large (>200 patients) case series of patients with endobronchial visible tumours presenting as an exophytic mass or submucosal lesion [1]. At least three endobronchial forceps biopsy samples are recommended at the risk of mild self-limiting (10%) or severe life-threatening (<0.02%) bleeding [2]. The addition of endobronchial needle aspiration to endobronchial forceps biopsy at first bronchoscopy or a repeat flexible bronchoscopy with endobronchial forceps biopsy increases the diagnostic yield to >90% [3,4].
A flexible cryoprobe (ERBE USA, Inc., Marietta, GA, USA) for use within a flexible bronchoscope was introduced in 1994. Shortly thereafter, Mathuret al.[5)和Vergnonet al. [6] described its application in the treatment of malignant airway obstruction (palliation) and radio-occult early-stage lung cancer (cure) applying multiple …