抽象的
孟加拉国等发展中国家的空气污染水平相对年轻,除非有效采取重大的环境控制措施,否https://bit.ly/3bvzesx
To the Editor:
空气质量通常通过颗粒物和气态物质的浓度来评估我们呼吸的空气中。成千上万的污染物负责环境空气污染,颗粒物物质有50%的截止空气动力学直径为2.5 µm(PM2.5), PM10, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and NOx是最经常评估的人。在孟加拉国等发展中国家,对空气污染的意识实际上是不存在的,并且在大多数情况下,即使空气质量变得难以忍受,大多数公民也被忽略了。在达卡颗粒物的来源中,大型都市充当孟加拉国首都,道路尘埃,纺织品和垂死的企业,制革厂,化学和水泥工厂以及砖窑是最污染的罪犯。大量证据表明PM2.5鉴于其达到末端支气管和肺泡结构的能力,甚至到达血液[1]。
Air pollution alone accounts for 17.6% of the risk of death and disability in Bangladesh. The annual economic burden of air pollution in Dhaka has been estimated at USD 192 million [2],政府或任何其他机构正在采取任何有效解决这一严重问题的有效措施。大约有2060万人居住在306.38公里的地区2, Dhaka is not only one of the largest megacities in the world but also one of the most polluted cities (Air Quality Index (AQI) of 215 on 21 December, 2019). A report ranked Dhaka as the third least livable city in the world, immediately after Damascus and Lagos [3]。据估计,如今全球92%的人口接触到PM的水平2.5超过空气质量指南[4]。A report by the World Health Organization estimated an annual mortality of 4.2 million as being attributable to outdoor air pollution, with over 2 million deaths occurring in the South-East Asia region [5]。显然,不受控制的工业增长和持续无视旨在空气质量的法规是达卡(Dhaka)快速发展成为世界上污染最严重的城市之一的[4]。In fact, all cities in the Middle East and more than 95% of all cities in Asia exceeded the upper limits of AQI [6]。
Using available software (AirQ+;www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/air-quality/activities/airq-software-tool-for-health-risk-assessment-of-air-pollution),我们计算了达卡市当前和持久污染水平所施加的疾病负担(图1)。这些估计表明,中风(95%CI 16.8-46.2%),由于有害AQI引起的平均值和增加的率高为36%,缺血性心脏病(95%CI 26.2-60.5%)为40.5%,对于35%),对于35%COPD(95%CI 22.1–48.1%),儿童急性下呼吸道感染(95%CI 30.4-46.3%),为38.6%。鉴于最近已经在达卡造成了重大健康损失的最近感染性流行病,如果没有紧急实施适当的措施以有效地减少压倒性的环境污染,那么心血管和呼吸道死亡率和发病率将对已经压倒性的额外造成更多的损失,这将在已经压倒的情况下施加以及孟加拉国的医疗保健系统和经济代表性的。因此,亚太地区至关重要的是,需要协作,包容和直接的环境政策和行动[7]。
分享able PDF
Supplementary Material
This one-page PDF can be shared freely online.
分享able PDFERJ-00689-2020.Shareable
脚注
Conflict of interest: S.A. Siddiqui has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: M. Jakaria has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: M.N. Amin has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: A. Al Mahmud has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: D. Gozal has nothing to disclose.
- 已收到2020年3月13日。
- Accepted2020年3月19日。
- 复制right ©ERS 2020