当今快速发展的社会,经济和技术变化正在重塑医学界。欧盟(EU)内的患者和医生的运动都更加关注医生的能力及其实践的健康。霍斯利等。[1] have described the variation between continuing professional development systems across EU countries, arguing for harmonisation of accreditation systems to simplify this process.
同时,技术变化引入了我们如何通过教学和评估进行医学教育的新概念和挑战,例如电子学习,模拟器和模拟场景。
These trends will particularly impact on the practice of respiratory medicine and it is therefore crucial that the profession keeps pace. This requires particular effort in education and training. Medical education reforms have become relevant and call for: 1) standardisation of learning outcomes and individualisation of the learning process; 2) promotion of multiple forms of integration; 3) methods of self-reflection and self-improvement; and 4) focus on the progressive formation of the physician’s professional identity [2]。These reforms will need to be supported appropriately by the EU and its member states. Therefore, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) is in a unique position to propose EU-wide principles, values and measures. For this reason, the ERS has engaged in a critical self-reflection of the current state of educational policies within the Society, as well as determining future directions.
ERS学校教育研究研讨会
To develop these new approaches, the ERS School organised an Educational Research Seminar on June 3 and 4, 2011, in Dublin, Ireland. International experts in medical education and respiratory medicine attended, including colleagues from the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS). They came together to discuss the future trends and challenges of medical education in respiratory medicine. The format was a 2-day seminar comprising eight sessions and covering topics such as the evolution of medical education, challenges in educating respiratory healthcare professionals, harmonisation of medical education in Europe, knowledge transfer, instructional methods including simulation and skills training, e-world and continuing medical education (CME), and e-portfolios. Discussants for each session facilitated the consideration of these topics, and their relation to the practice of respiratory medicine and training. Parallel breakout sessions featured relevant topics that reflected the current ERS educational activities: instructional methods, CME and e-learning.
教学方法突破课程考虑了受训者,内容专家和教育工作者的需求。虽然ER提供内容相对简单,但挑战是调整交付方法,尤其是在不断受压的临床环境中开发工作场所培训和学习机会时。
With regard to CME, the discussion focused on the requirement for CME credits and their documentation. Here, there is widespread variation across Europe. Opinion on the effect of CME on improved patient care is divided. Programmes that enable users to measure the impact of any change in practice on their patient group seem most relevant.
关于电子学习的讨论集中在其实用性上。没有通用的答案,提到的明确好处包括其经济性,以及作为传统知识资源(例如教科书)的辅助性的可用性和定位。还提到了不断变化的学习态度,例如学员在小组过程中学习以及有关开放式资源的教育材料的更广泛可用性,例如YouTube™(www.youtube.com)。
ERS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
由于教育研究研讨会的讨论和思考,将会增强教育活动。适当的教学方法将应用于研究生课程,外部课程和泛欧网络,以进行耐药性结核病研究和临床管理(TB PAN-NET)。“培训培训师”方法将被强调并提供给许多呼吸医学专家。CME将开发,不仅基于法律要求,而且还基于通过自我评估和重新认证进行自我调节的机会。在开发电子学习课程时,将开发电子学习并改变学习态度。
欧洲专家的呼吸医学教育协调教育
The Harmonised Education in Respiratory Medicine for European Specialists (HERMES) initiative of the ERS is a pillar of the ERS educational activities. Since 2006, HERMES projects have used consensus methods and worked with experts in producing educational standards: syllabi, curricula, European examinations and centres of excellence. It is in continuous development and improvement, adhering to current medical education theory and principles.
借助教学大纲和课程发展,目的是基于知识,基于技能的态度和行为能力之间的平衡。这已经开始于成人爱马仕和儿科爱马仕项目,这些项目已经制作了教学大纲,课程和文凭考试[3–6]。TheERS呼吸医学手册简洁地涵盖成人爱马仕计划的内容[7]。同样,爱马仕的呼吸睡眠障碍已经发表了他们的教学大纲,并开始了基础工作[8]。所有这些培训标准都关注学员及其培训。ERS将重点关注并投资于亚专业。重点将放在特定能力水平上。这已经以小儿爱马仕(Hermes)小儿呼吸医学专家的第三级技能水平为例,并将与其他亚专业人士一起进一步发展。
Adult HERMES has recently published criteria for accreditation of ERS European training centres, for which the other HERMES projects will follow suit [9]。
重新认证将是另一个优先事项。将与欧盟国家进行积极的谈判,以通过爱马仕的考试作为重新认证的基础。
ERS还将投资于盟军的专业人员,在呼吸专业中针对其特定护理途径进行培训。这已经开始从欧洲螺旋驾驶执照开始[10]。ERS支持其越来越多的盟军专业成员及其一般呼吸教育。
还将接受以评估能力的共同活动为标志的专业活动。HERMES呼吸重症监护项目已经开始。
结论
ERS将通过续签其活动和教育计划来应对当前的变革面临的挑战和力量。我们希望这将支持我们的成员和更广泛的呼吸医学界,与当前的医学教育理论和原则保持一致,并最终支持减轻呼吸道疾病和促进肺部健康的ERS使命。
脚注
利益声明
A.K.的利益声明Simonds可以在www.www.qdcxjkg.com/site/misc/statement.xhtml
- ©ERS 2011