Extract
The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which include anti-programmed-cell-death-protein-1 (PD-1), its ligand (PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), has since transformed the field of oncology with indications continuing to increase. For example, anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 ICIs which includes nivolumab, pembrolizumab and ipilimumab, are FDA/EMA approved for a variety of cancers such as melanoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) [1]. Considered the Achilles' heel of ICIs, however, are immune-related adverse events (irAEs) (10–60% high grade) that represent an inflammatory response that can affect multiple organ systems which can be fatal (0.3–1.3%) [2].
Footnotes
This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Moey has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: I declare no conflict of interest
Conflict of interest: Dr. Goldschmidt has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Johnson reports grants and other from BMS, other from Array Biopharma, other from Jansen, other from Novartis, other from Merck, grants from Incyte, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Lebrun-Vignes has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Moslehi reports personal fees from BMS, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Audentes, personal fees from Nektar, during the conduct of the study; In addition, Dr. Moslehi has a patent Method for treating checkpoint inhibitors induced adverse events pending.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Cadranel reports grants and personal fees from AZ, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from BMS, personal fees from MSD, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: Dr. SALEM reports personal fees from BMS, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. SALEM has a patent Method for treating checkpoint inhibitors induced adverse events pending.
- Received January 11, 2020.
- Accepted February 9, 2020.
- Copyright ©ERS 2020
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