RT期刊文章SR电子T1人声明儿童气管软化和bronchomalacia摩根富林明欧洲呼吸杂志乔和J FD欧元欧洲呼吸学会SP 1900382 10.1183/13993003.00382 -2019签证官54是3 A1沃利斯,科林•A1 Alexopoulou Efthymia A1 Anton-188bet官网地址Pacheco,胡安·l·A1 Bhatt,布什可以m . A1,安德鲁A1 Chang,安妮·b·A1 Charatsi Anne - marie A1科尔曼,考特尼A1 Depiazzi,朱莉A1杜罗河,Konstantinos A1希伯,恩斯特A1埃弗拉德,马克A1坎塔尔,Ahmed A1 Masters, Ian B. A1 Midulla, Fabio A1 Nenna, Raffaella A1 Roebuck, Derek A1 Snijders, Deborah A1 Priftis, Kostas YR 2019 UL //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/54/3/1900382.abstract AB气管软化症和气管支气管软化症可能是大气道的主要异常，或与各种各样的先天性和后天条件有关。关于诊断、分类和处理的证据不足。没有普遍接受的严重程度分类。根据病变的部位和严重程度，临床表现包括早发性喘鸣或固定性喘息、复发性感染、铜铜色咳嗽甚至濒死发作。对于自由呼吸的儿童，诊断通常通过柔性支气管镜进行，但也可以通过其他动态成像技术进行，如低对比度支气管造影、计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像。肺功能检测可以提供支持性证据，但不能诊断。根据病变的性质和严重程度，治疗可采用内科或外科治疗，但任何治疗的证据基础都是有限的。虽然使用了包括支气管扩张剂、抗毒蕈碱剂、黏液溶解剂和抗生素(以及治疗合并症和相关疾病)在内的医疗选择，但目前几乎没有证据表明其有益。胸部物理治疗通常被开出处方，但证据基础很差。 When symptoms are severe, surgical options include aortopexy or posterior tracheopexy, tracheal resection of short affected segments, internal stents and external airway splinting. If respiratory support is needed, continuous positive airway pressure is the most commonly used modality either via a face mask or tracheostomy. Parents of children with tracheobronchomalacia report diagnostic delays and anxieties about how to manage their child's condition, and want more information. There is a need for more research to establish an evidence base for malacia. This European Respiratory Society statement provides a review of the current literature to inform future study.This statement provides a comprehensive review of the causes, presentation, recognition and management of children with tracheobronchomalacia written by a multidisciplinary Task Force in keeping with ERS methodology http://bit.ly/2LPTQCk