The role of autophagy, traditionally considered a cellular homeostatic and recycling
mechanism, has expanded dramatically to include an involvement in discrete stages of
tumor initiation and development. Gliomas are the most aggressive and also the most …

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants. In
tissue samples of NEC, we identified numerous macrophages and a few neutrophils but not
many lymphocytes. We hypothesized that these pathoanatomic characteristics of NEC …

Background and objective Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with adequate chest
compression depth appears to improve first shock success in cardiac arrest. We evaluate the
effect of simplification of chest compression instructions on compression depth in dispatcher …

Download: Download high-res image (36KB) Download: Download full-size image Cystic
fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis
transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CFTR dysfunction is characterized by …

Tamoxifen is widely used to treat estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. Recent findings
that tamoxifen and its derivative 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT) can exert estrogen receptor–
independent cytotoxic effects have prompted the initiation of clinical trials to evaluate its use …

The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs airway mucus clearance are not well
understood. We recently established a ferret model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibiting chronic bronchitis. We investigated the …

Faculty qualified to teach in the anatomical sciences are growing scarce just as the need for
trained anatomists is greater than ever. Enrollments are surging in anticipation of a large
physician shortfall; meanwhile, many anatomists are reaching retirement age. Who will fill …

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive primary human malignant
brain tumors. 4-Hydroxy tamoxifen (OHT) is an active metabolite of the tamoxifen (TMX)
prodrug and a well-established estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen-related receptor …

Objective The quality of early bystander CPR appears important in maximizing survival. This
trial tests whether explicit instructions to “put the phone down” improve the quality of
bystander initiated dispatch-assisted CPR. Methods In a randomized, double-blinded …

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive Schwann cell-derived
sarcomas and are the leading cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1
(NF1). Current treatment modalities have been largely ineffective, resulting in a high rate of …