Background— The 2010 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation allow 5 seconds to
give 2 breaths to deliver sufficient chest compressions and to keep perfusion pressure high. …

Purpose of review Current imaging techniques (X-ray, computed tomography scan,
ultrasound) have limitations in the identification and quantification of pulmonary diseases, in …

Diagnosing lung cancer in the absence of endobronchial abnormalities is challenging.
Needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) enables real-time microscopic imaging of …

Background: Transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) of the lung parenchyma is a minimally invasive
alternative for surgical lung biopsy in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. Drawbacks …

Introduction Diagnosing peripheral lung cancer with the bronchoscope is challenging with
near miss of the target lesion as major obstacle. Needle-based confocal laser …

Figure 1.(A) Positron emission and computed tomographic scan of the chest, showing a
right lower lobe tumor (T) located adjacent to the esophagus (ES).(B) Endosonographic …

Background Pleural biopsies in patients with suspected malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)
are often inconclusive resulting in repeat diagnostic procedures. Confocal laser …

Background: Transbronchial (cryo)lungbiopsies in ILD are frequently inconclusive due to
sampling-error and come with a significant complication risk (bleeding/pneumothorax). Optical …

In 15-30% of patients with a fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) tissue acquisition is indicated
as the diagnostic confidence based on clinical and radiological investigations does not …

Robotic navigational bronchoscopy (RNB) allows for high navigational success but diagnostic
yield remains moderate due to near-miss of the target lesion. Needle based confocal laser …