Background Although we know that exacerbations are key events in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), our understanding of their frequency, determinants, and effects is …

Background The benefits of triple therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
with an inhaled glucocorticoid, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and a long-…

The serpins (serine proteinase inhibitors) are a superfamily of proteins (350–500 amino
acids in size) that fold into a conserved structure and employ a unique suicide substrate-like …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex condition with pulmonary and
extra-pulmonary manifestations. This study describes the heterogeneity of COPD in a large …

Several diverse disorders, including the prevalent dementias and encephalopathies, are
now believed to arise from the same general disease mechanism. In each, there is abnormal …

MOST northern Europeans have only the normal M form of the plasma protease inhibitor α 1,-antitrypsin,
but some 4% are heterozygotes for the Z deficiency variant 1. For reasons that …

Rationale: Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous
with respect to inflammation and etiology. Objectives: Investigate biomarker expression …

Background A key feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an accelerated
rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ), but data on the variability …

Background Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous
condition, the identification of specific clinical phenotypes is key to developing more effective …

有反对siderable variability in the susceptibility of smokers to develop chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD). The only known genetic risk factor is severe deficiency of α1-…