背景：

电子烟在尝试常用戒烟，但与批准的戒烟治疗性尼古丁产品相比证据有限关于其有效性。

方法：

We randomly assigned adults attending U.K. National Health Service stop-smoking services to either nicotine-replacement products of their choice, including product combinations, provided for up to 3 months, or an e-cigarette starter pack (a second-generation refillable e-cigarette with one bottle of nicotine e-liquid [18 mg per milliliter]), with a recommendation to purchase further e-liquids of the flavor and strength of their choice. Treatment included weekly behavioral support for at least 4 weeks. The primary outcome was sustained abstinence for 1 year, which was validated biochemically at the final visit. Participants who were lost to follow-up or did not provide biochemical validation were considered to not be abstinent. Secondary outcomes included participant-reported treatment usage and respiratory symptoms.

结果：

共有886名参与者接受了随机分组。1年禁欲率为18.0％的电子香烟组中，与尼古丁替代组在9.9％相比（相对风险，1.83; 95％置信区间[CI]，1.30〜2.58; P <0.001）。中的参与者的1年禁欲，那些电子香烟组均比尼古丁替代组中更可能使用分配给他们的产品在52周（80％[79 63参与者]对9％[4的44名参与者]）。总体而言，咽喉或口腔发炎报道更频繁的电子烟组（65.3％，而尼古丁替代组51.2％）和恶心更频繁的尼古丁替代组（37.9％在，主场迎战31.3％电子卷烟组）。电子香烟组报道在止咳化痰生产的从基线发生更大的下降52周比没有尼古丁替代基团（咳嗽相对风险，0.8; 95％CI，0.6〜0.9;对于痰相对风险，0.7; 95％CI，0.6〜0.9）。有喘息或气短的发病率无显著组间差异。

结论：

电子烟是戒烟的尼古丁比替代疗法，当这两种产品均伴有行为支持更为有效。（由美国国家卫生研究所和英国癌症研究资助;当前对照试验数量，ISRCTN60477608）。