Airway responses to eucapnic hyperpnea, exercise, and methacholine in elite swimmers
- PMID:18685536
- DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31875719a
Airway responses to eucapnic hyperpnea, exercise, and methacholine in elite swimmers
Erratum in
- Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Dec;40(12):2146. Dosage error in article text
Abstract
Purpose:The International Olympic Committee Medical Commission (IOC-MC) requires athletes to provide the result of an objective test to support a diagnosis of asthma or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) if they want to inhale a beta-2-agonist. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the airway response to a methacholine challenge and to hyperpnea induced by exercise in the field and in the laboratory or that induced voluntarily by eucapnic hyperpnea in a group of female elite swimmers.
Methods:Sixteen female nonasthmatic elite swimmers performed a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) test, a field-based exercise test (FBT), a laboratory-based exercise test (LBT), and a methacholine challenge. The criteria suggested by the IOC-MC were used to define a positive response to the challenges (EVH, field test, and laboratory test: minimum 10% decrease in FEV1; methacholine: PD20 < or = 2 micromol).
Results:Eight swimmers (50%) had at least one positive test to hyperpnea. Five were identified with the EVH test, four with FBT, and four with LBT. None were identified using methacholine. Three swimmers with airway hyperresponsiveness to exercise would have been identified using a higher cutoff for methacholine (PD20 < or = 8 micromol).
Conclusions:The EVH test is the test that diagnoses most swimmers with an abnormal response to hyperpnea, but not all cases of EIB are identified with the EVH test. Performing a methacholine test using IOC-MC's cutoff value does not improve the chances of diagnosing EIB. We recommend performing the EVH test when diagnosing and evaluating EIB in elite swimmers and if EVH test negative then proceeding to a strenuous LBT.
Comment in
-
EIB or not EIB? That is the question.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008 Sep;40(9):1565-6. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817d818b. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008. PMID:18685537
Similar articles
-
Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in elite swimmers.Clin Respir J. 2009 Jan;3(1):62. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-699X.2008.00108.x. Clin Respir J. 2009. PMID:20298376
-
Bronchial challenges and respiratory symptoms in elite swimmers and winter sport athletes: Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma: its measurement and clinical significance.Chest. 2010 Aug;138(2 Suppl):31S-37S. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1689. Epub 2010 Apr 2. Chest. 2010. PMID:20363843 Clinical Trial.
-
Airway responsiveness and inflammation in adolescent elite swimmers.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Aug;122(2):322-7, 327.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.04.041. Epub 2008 Jun 12. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008. PMID:18554704
-
Assessment and prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.Br J Sports Med. 2012 May;46(6):391-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090810. Epub 2012 Jan 12. Br J Sports Med. 2012. PMID:22247297 Review.
-
Provocative challenges to help diagnose and monitor asthma: exercise, methacholine, adenosine, and mannitol.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2008 Jan;14(1):39-45. doi: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e3282f197f6. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2008. PMID:18043274 Review.
Cited by9articles
-
Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 5;17(19):7270. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17197270. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020. PMID:33027929 Free PMC article. Review.
-
A Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Agreement Between Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperventilation and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests for Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction.Lung. 2019 Aug;197(4):483-492. doi: 10.1007/s00408-019-00233-4. Epub 2019 May 10. Lung. 2019. PMID:31076858
-
The Effect of Different Training Loads on the Lung Health of Competitive Youth Swimmers.Int J Exerc Sci. 2018 Aug 1;11(6):999-1018. eCollection 2018. Int J Exerc Sci. 2018. PMID:30147830 Free PMC article.
-
Field versus race pace conditions to provoke exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite swimmers: Influence of training background.J Exerc Sci Fit. 2017 Jun;15(1):12-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.03.002. Epub 2017 Mar 16. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2017. PMID:29541125 Free PMC article.
-
Airway dysfunction in elite swimmers: prevalence, impact, and challenges.Open Access J Sports Med. 2016 May 12;7:55-63. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S88339. eCollection 2016. Open Access J Sports Med. 2016. PMID:27274324 Free PMC article. Review.