对于肺部浸润不适当抗生素的使用是在重症监护病房（ICU）常见的。我们试图设计一种方法，将尽量减少不必要的抗生素的使用，同时认识到金标准为医院获得性肺炎的诊断不存在。In a randomized trial, clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) (Pugin, J., R. Auckenthaler, N. Mili, J. P. Janssens, R. D. Lew, and P. M. Suter. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic "blind" bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991;143: 1121-1129) was used as operational criteria for decision-making regarding antibiotic therapy. Patients with CPIS