TY - JOUR T1 - 多药耐药的结核病时代的成本：它是会成为负担不起？JF - 欧洲呼吸杂志JO - EUR呼吸杂志SP - 9 LP - 11 DO - 10.1183 / 09031936.00027612 VL - 40 - 1 AU - Loddenkemper，罗伯特AU - Sotgiu，乔瓦尼AU - 米特尼克，卡罗尔D. Y1 - 2012/07 /01 UR - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/40/1/9.abstract N2 - 1905年，罗伯特·科赫结束了他的诺贝尔奖演说与乐观一句“与结核病的斗争的当前状态”：“如果工作在这种强大的方式继续，那么胜利一定要赢” [1]。在20世纪70年代和80年代初结束，许多人认为，结核病（TB）是几乎征服了[2]。Now, more than 100 years after Koch’s Nobel Lecture, TB has emerged as an even greater public health problem, mainly for two reasons: co-infection with HIV and the development of complex mycobacterial drug resistance patterns [3].The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that of the 8.8 million new cases in 2010, ∼3% were caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [4], defined as resistance to at least the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. Furthermore, ∼30,000 cases were thought to be due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, defined as MDR plus resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one second-line injectable anti-TB drug (amikacin, capreomycin or kanamycin). The estimated prevalence of MDR-TB in new and previously treated cases in 2010 was 650,000 worldwide [4].MDR- and XDR-TB are man-made phenomena that emerge as a result of inadequate treatment of TB and/or poor airborne infection control in healthcare facilities and congregate settings [5]. To resolve the epidemic of MDR-TB, several interventions are needed urgently: rapid case detection, proper infection control, timely access to quality-assured first- and second-line drugs within appropriate regimens, capacity-building to deliver treatment effectively, standardised recording and reporting of treatment outcomes [6] within effective national TB control programmes, and the commitment of national governments [7].Nine of the countries with the greatest MDR-TB burden worldwide are located in the WHO European Region, … ER -