Ty-Jour T1 - 空气污染呼吸效果的流行病学研究JF - 欧洲呼吸杂志Jo - Eur Respir J SP - 1029 LP - 1054 VL - 9是 - 5 Au - lebowitz,MD Y1 - 1996/05/01 UR -//www.qdcxjkg.com/content/9/5/1029.Abstract N2 - 空气污染健康影响的环境流行病学研究是了解这种影响的主要贡献者。已经研究了大气污染物的慢性效应,但除了颗粒物质(PM)的已知呼吸作用外,它们尚未结束地研究。对某些污染物类的慢性效应进行了持续的研究,例如臭氧,酸雨,空中无论是PM的化学形式(包括柴油排气)。在流行病学研究中证明了由于户外和室内暴露于几种气体/烟雾和PM的急性影响。然而,这些环境因素对易感个体对易感个体的影响并不是先着命名的。这些急性效应尤为重要,因为它们增加了轻微疾病的人类负担,增加了残疾,并被认为降低生产力。它们可能与慢性疾病的可能性增加有关。在后一段地区需要进一步研究,确定不同微环境(户外,在运输途中的户外)中个体的时间相关活动的贡献。进一步研究的关键要素是评估对不同污染物的总暴露(从室内和室外来源发生)以及污染物的互动效果。 Major research areas include determination of the contributions of indoor sources and of vehicle emissions to total exposure, how to measure such exposures, and how to measure human susceptibility and responses (including those at the cellular and molecular level). Biomarkers of exposures, doses and responses, including immunochemicals, biochemicals and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adducts, are beginning to promote some basic knowledge of exposure-response, especially the mechanisms. These will be extremely useful additions to standard physiological, immunological, and clinical instruments, and the understanding of biological plausibility. The outcomes of all this work will be the management of risks and the prevention of respiratory diseases related to air pollution. ER -