JF - European respiratory Journal JO - Eur Respir J SP - 1029 LP - 1054 VL - 9is - 5au - Lebowitz，《空气污染对呼吸系统影响的流行病学研究》，MD Y1 - 1996/05/01 UR - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/9/5/1029.abstract N2 -空气污染对健康的影响的环境流行病学研究是了解这种影响的主要贡献。人们已经对大气污染物的慢性影响进行了研究，但是，除了已知的颗粒物(PM)对呼吸系统的影响外，还没有对它们进行结论性的研究。目前正在进行某些污染物类别的慢性影响的研究，如臭氧、酸雨、空气中的有毒物质和PM的化学形式(包括柴油尾气)。流行病学研究已经证明，室外和室内暴露于几种气体/烟雾和颗粒物对人类的急性影响。然而，这些环境因素对易感个体的影响尚不明确。这些急性影响尤其重要，因为它们增加了人类轻微疾病的负担，增加了残疾，并被认为降低了生产力。它们也可能与慢性疾病的可能性增加有关。后一个领域需要进一步的研究，以确定个人在不同微环境(户外、家中、途中)中与时间有关的活动的贡献。进一步研究的关键因素是评估不同污染物(来自室内和室外)的总暴露量和污染物的相互影响。 Major research areas include determination of the contributions of indoor sources and of vehicle emissions to total exposure, how to measure such exposures, and how to measure human susceptibility and responses (including those at the cellular and molecular level). Biomarkers of exposures, doses and responses, including immunochemicals, biochemicals and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adducts, are beginning to promote some basic knowledge of exposure-response, especially the mechanisms. These will be extremely useful additions to standard physiological, immunological, and clinical instruments, and the understanding of biological plausibility. The outcomes of all this work will be the management of risks and the prevention of respiratory diseases related to air pollution. ER -