AU - Nowak, D AU - Heinrich, J AU - Jorres, R AU - Wassmer, G AU - Berger, J AU - Beck, E AU - Boczor, S AU - Claussen, M AU - Wichmann, HE AU - Magnussen, H TI -成人呼吸道症状、支气管高反应性和特异反应性的患病率:西德和东德AID - 10.1183/09031936.96.09122541 DP - 1996年12月01 TA -欧洲呼吸杂志PG - 2541—2552 VI - 9 IP - 12 4099 - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/9/12/2541.short 4100 - //www.qdcxjkg.com/content/9/12/2541.full SO - Eur Respir J1996年12月01日;9 AB -在西德和东德的两个城市汉堡和埃尔福特，分别比较了20-44岁成人随机样本中呼吸道症状、特应性敏化和支气管高反应性的患病率。在过去40年里，由于二氧化硫和悬浮颗粒，埃尔福特的室外空气污染水平要高得多，生活条件也发生了重大变化。在欧洲呼吸健康调查中，汉堡的3156名(回复率80%)受试者和埃尔福特的3272名(回复率74%)受试者回答了一份简短的问卷。短问卷的一部分应答者完成了长问卷、肺活量测定、甲胆碱或支气管扩张剂试验、皮肤试验、总免疫球蛋白E和特异性免疫球蛋白E (IgE)测量，汉堡共1159名参与者和埃尔福特731名参与者。在关于呼吸道症状和诊断的8个问题中，汉堡有6个问题的回答是肯定的，比埃尔福特的回答要多。在汉堡，预测的平均一秒钟用力呼气量(FEV1)%为105%，在埃尔福特(p <0.0001)，汉堡的支气管高反应性发生率高于埃尔福特(25 vs 19%;p & lt; 0.05). Atopic sensitization was more prevalent in Hamburg than in Erfurt regarding the results of skin tests against grass pollen (24 vs 19%; p < 0.05), birch pollen (19 vs 8%; p < 0.0005), cat (10 vs 2%; p < 0.0005), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (14 vs 10%; p < 0.05). This was reflected by the prevalences of positive specific IgE values, which were higher in Hamburg than in Erfurt for grass (26 vs 20%; p < 0.05), birch (20 vs 10%; p < 0.0005) and cat (12 vs 8%; p < 0.05). In Hamburg, compared to Erfurt, there was: a lower mean number of siblings (p < 0.005); a higher degree of childhood and current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (p < 0.005); and a higher frequency of fitted carpets and reported mould or mildew inside the house (p < 0.005). Therefore, these data may support the hypothesis that childhood factors and exposure to indoor allergens and irritants may have been more relevant for the development of asthma and atopy than the potential long-term exposure to high concentrations of sulphur dioxide and particulate matter.