TY-JUR T1 - 儿童结核病预防：南非的潜在社区学习JF - 欧洲呼吸杂志Jo - Eur Respir J Do - 10.1183 / 13993003.03028-2020 SP - 2003028 Au - Mandalakas，Anna M Au - Hesseling，Anneke C.Au - Kay，Alexander Au - Du Preez，Karen Au - Martinez，Leonardo Au - Ronge，Lena Au - Dinardo，Andrew Au - Lange，Christoph Au - Kirchner，H. Lester Y1 - 2020 / 01/01 UR - HTTP：// www.qdcxjkg.com/content/early/2020/10/22/13993003.03028-2020.abstract n2 - 结核病预防治疗可降低儿童的结核病风险。然而，结核预防治疗在高负荷环境中的儿童的有效性尚不清楚。在南非开普敦的基于前瞻性观察社区的队列研究中，我们评估了常规结核病预防治疗患者≤15岁的常规结核治疗的有效性在结核病和艾滋病毒高流行景观中。Among 966儿童（中位年龄5.07岁;四分位数[IQR] 2.52,8.72），676（70％）报道过去3个月和240岁以肺结核接触成年人/ 326（74％）符合条件的儿童启动了Isoniazid预防治疗（IPT）根据方案指南。普遍（n = 73）和事件（n = 27）结核病被诊断为100/966（10％）儿童之间。发起IPT的儿童比没有（AOR = 0.18; 95％置信区间[CI] 0.06,0.52; p = 0.0014），发起IPT的可能性不太可能产生82％的人。儿童患有结核病的风险增加，如果艾滋病毒过多，患有艾滋病毒的患者，患有阳性的m.Fberculosis特异性免疫反应，或最近的结核暴露。入射结核病的风险与性别或M. Bovis-BCG疫苗接种状态无关。治疗（NNT）所需的数量在艾滋病毒（NNT = 15）的儿童中最低，与所有年龄段（NNT = 82）的儿童相比，不到5岁的儿童（NNT = 19）。在结核病患病率高的社区，结核病预防治疗基本上降低了小于5年或艾滋病毒的儿童结核病的风险，尤其是患有最近结核暴露的人或阳性患有疾病的阳性免疫反应（MTB-SIR-NODIS）.Footnotesthis手稿最近被接受在欧洲呼吸期刊上出版。 It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.Conflict of interest: Dr. Mandalakas has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Hesseling has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Kay has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. du Preez has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Dr. Martinez has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Lena Ronge has nothing to disclose.Conflict of interest: Andrew DiNardo has no conflicts of interest.Conflict of interest: Dr. Lange reports personal fees from Chiesi, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, Oxfordimmunotec and Insmed, outside the submitted work.Conflict of interest: Dr. Kirchner has nothing to disclose. ER -