ty -jour t1-早期生命的抗生素使用和哮喘和湿疹的风险：不一致的双胞胎研究的结果JF -Europen呼吸杂志JO -EUR RESSIR J DO -10.1183/13993003.02021-2019 VL -2019 VL -55 IS -4 SP -1902021 AU-Slob，Elise M.A. Au -Brew，Bronwyn K. Au -Vijverberg，Susanne J.H.Au -Kats，Chantal J.A.R.Au -Longo，Cristina au -Pijnenburg，MariëlleW。Au -Van Beijsterveldt，Toos C.E.M.Au -Dolan，Conor V.Au -Bartels，Meike Au -Magnusson，Patrick au -Lichtenstein，Paul Au -Gong -Gong -Gong，Tong Au -Koppelman，Gerard H. Au -Au -Almqvist，Almqvist，Catarina au -Boomsma -Boomsma，Dorret I.Au -Maitland -Maitland -Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland-Maitland--Van der Zee，Anke H.特应性疾病，但病因尚不清楚。为了阐明病因，我们使用了一个不和谐的双胞胎设计来控制遗传和环境混杂。我们在荷兰双胞胎登记册（NTR，n = 35 365）的3-10岁的双胞胎中进行了一项回顾性队列研究，并进行了复制研究在瑞典童年和青少年双胞胎研究以来9岁的双胞胎中（Catss，n = 7916）。抗生素使用在0-2岁时记录。父母在两个队列中均年龄3-12岁时，父母报告了医生诊断的哮喘和湿疹。 Individuals were included in unmatched analyses and in co-twin control analyses with disease discordant twin pairs.Results Early-life antibiotic use was associated with increased risk of asthma (NTR OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.41; CATSS OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34–1.56) and eczema (NTR OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13; CATSS OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14) in unmatched analyses. Co-twin analyses in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs showed similar results for asthma (NTR OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.20–1.98; CATSS OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.28–3.13), but opposing results for eczema in the NTR (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.80–1.25) and the CATSS (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.12–2.49). The risk of asthma increased for antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections (CATSS OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.34–1.56), but not for antibiotics commonly used for urinary tract/skin infections (CATSS OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88–1.17).Conclusion Children exposed to early-life antibiotic use, particularly prescribed for respiratory infections, may be at higher risk of asthma. This risk can still be observed when correcting for genetic and environmental factors. Our results could not elucidate whether the relationship between early-life antibiotic use and eczema is confounded by familial and genetic factors.Large twin studies show that antibiotics in early life are associated with risk of asthma, regardless of familial environment and genetics, and possibly due to early infections. Risks and benefits of antibiotics use in infants should be considered. http://bit.ly/372Qu5A ER -