Abstract
Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.
This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.
Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.
The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
Abstract
The severe asthma population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in clinical characteristics and treatment. Harmonisation across registries and guidelines is needed and requires collection of same data across cohorts to enable future research in SHARP. http://bit.ly/2krxHPf
Footnotes
This article has supplementary material available from erj.ersjournals.com
Members of the SHARP Clinical Research Collaboration are: B. Abenhardt, Praxis Dr Abenhardt und Jochen Hinrichs-Pavlik, Heidelberg, Germany; I.M. Adcock, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; J. Adler, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; R. Alfonso, GSK, Durham, NC, USA; R. Ali, Barts Health NHS Trust, London UK; S. Alkameh, Lungenfachpraxis Backnang, Backnang, Germany; C. Almonacid Sánchez, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; L. Alvares, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; G. Anderson, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; K. Assing, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; S. Ayre, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; J. Becker, Facharztpraxis für Pneumologie, Lübeck, Germany; E.H.D. Bel, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; K. Bergmann, Charité Berlin Allergie-Centrum, Berlin, Germany; K. Bieksiene, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania; N. Bjerring, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; F. Blasi, Milano Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre and University of Milan, Milan, Italy; P. Bloemen, GSK, Zeist, The Netherlands; H. Blum, MECS Dortmund GmbH, Dortmund, Germany; S. Böing, Pneumoplus, Lungen- und Allergiezentrum, Neuss, Germany; M. Bonavia, Respiratory Rehabilitation, ASL3, Genoa, Italy; A. Bossios, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; A. Bourdin, PhyMedExp, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; G-J. Braunstahl, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; A. Brons, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; G. Brusselle, University of Ghent, UZ Ghent, Ghent; J. Buis, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; J. Busby, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK; M. Caiaffa, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; C. Calabrese, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy; G. Camiciottoli, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy; G.W. Canonica, Humanitas University, Rozzano and SANI-Severe Asthma Network Italy, Milan, Italy; H. Cao, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, NJ, USA; C. Caruso, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; M. Castilla Martínez, Hospital Los Arcos del Mar Menor, Murcia, Spain; S. Centanni, Università degli Studi Milano, Respiratory Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy; K.F. Chung, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; C. Cisneros Serrano, Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; A. Corsico, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; L. Cosmi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; M. Costantino, “Carlo Poma” Hospital Mantova, Mantova, Italy; R. Costello, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; N. Crimi, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Z. Csoma, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; S. Dahlen, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; B. Dahlén, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; M. D'Amato, “Federico II” University, AO Dei Colli, Naples, Italy; D. Davies, Southampton University Hospital, Southampton, UK; E. Davin, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; F. de Borja García-Cosío Piqueras, Hospital Son Espases Palma Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain; G. Decarlo, European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases (EFA), Brussels, Belgium; A. Deimling, Lungenpraxis Schleswig, Schleswig, Germany; S. Del Giacco, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; R. Diaz Campos, Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain; M. Djandji, Medical Affairs, Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA; R. Djukanovic, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; D. Doberer, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria; L. Dupont, University of Leuven, UZ Gasthuisberg Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; K. Dyett, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; N. Edelbaher, University Clinical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia; M. Edelmann, Lungenpraxis Aalen, Aalen, Germany; R. Ehmann, Gemeinschaftspraxis für Ambulante Pneumologie mit Allergiezentrum, Stuttgart, Germany; A. Ekberg-Jansson, Dept of Research and Development, Region Halland and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; A. Farsi, SOS of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Prato, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Italy; E. Favero, Vittorio Veneto Hospital, Treviso, Italy; J. Feimer, Pneumologie Odeonsplatz, München, Germany; M. Fletcher, GSK, Brentford, UK; B. Foschino, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; B. Frankemölle, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; M. Gaga, Athens Chest Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece; M. Gappa, Marien-Hospital, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Wesel, Germany; J. García de Pedro, Hospital Gregorio, Marañón, Madrid, Spain; J. García Rivero, Hospital Laredo, Laredo, Spain; M. Gasplmayr, Kardiologische und Fachinternistische ÜBAG Dr Sandrock und Partner, Altdorf bei Nürnberg, Germany; R. Gebhardt, Facharzt für Lungen- und Brochialheilkunde, Allergologie und Umweltmedizin, Berlin, Germany; H. Geldmacher, Pneumologicum, Hannover, Germany; C. Geltner, Kreisklinik Bad Reichenhall, Bad Reichenhall, Germany; M. Gerstlauer, Klinikum Augsburg, II Kinderklinik, Augsburg, Germany; T. Gibson, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; G. Giuseppe, AO S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; C. Gogoll, Evangelische Elisabeth Klinik, Berlin, Germany; V. Grimm-Sachs, Praxis Dr Grimm-Sachs, Bruchsal, Germany; I. Grisle, Riga Eastern Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia; B. Grün, Praxis Dr Grün, Bad Windsheim, Germany; A. Grünewaldt, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; G. Guarnieri, University of Padua, Padova, Italy; J. Gullón Blanco, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Asturias, Spain; E. Hamelmann, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Kinderzentrum Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany; D. Hamerlijnck, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; A. Hammers-Reinhard, Praxis Hammers-Reinhard, Homburg-Saar, Germany; S. Hanon, Free University Brussel, Academic Ziekenhuis, Jette, Belgium; S. Hansen, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; D. Harzheim, Waldburg-Zeil Kliniken – Fachkliniken Wangen, Wangen im Allgäu, Germany; L. Heaney, Queens University Belfast and Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK; E. Heffler, Humanitas University, Rozzano and SANI-Severe Asthma Network Italy, Milan, Italy; S. Hellmich, Pneumologie am Schelztor Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany; M. Herden, Lungenfachärztlich-Internistische Schwerpunktpraxis, Freising, Germany; T. Hering, Arzt für Pneumologie, Allergologie, Schlafmedizin, Berlin, Germany; F. Herth, Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; O. Hilberg, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; I. Horvath, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; P. Howarth, GSK, Brentford, UK; M. Hubatsch, Lungenarztpraxis Dr Hubatsch, Heilbronn, Germany; M. Humbert, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; K. Husemann, MVZ Klinikum Kempten, Praxis für Pneumologie und Allergologie, Kempten, Germany; M. Idzko, Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; D. Jackson, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK; M. Jandl, Hamburger Institut für Therapieforschung GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; X. Jaumont, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; G. Joos, UZ Gent, University of Gent, Belgium; M. Jöst, Malteser Lungen- und Allergiezentrum Bonn, Bonn, Germany; M. Jüch, Pneumologische Praxis am Ulrichplatz, Magdeburg, Germany; M. Kabesch, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; P. Kaiser-Labusch, Klinikum Bremen Mitte, Bremen, Germany; P. Kardos, Studienzentrum Maingau, Frankfurt, Germany; F. Käßner, MECS Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany; T. Keeley, GSK, Brentford, UK; W. Kerr, GSK, Brentford, UK; J. Kirschner, CIMS Studienzentrum Bamberg, GmbH, Bamberg, Germany; L. Klimek, Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden, Germany; M. Koca, Lungenpraxis Offenbach, Offenbach, Germany; R. Koczulla, Schönklinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schönau am Königsee, Germany; C. Koerner-Rettberg, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin der RUB im St Josef-Hospital, Bochum, Germany; P. Kopac, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia; S. Korn, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany; S. Korn, Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany; M. Kots, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy; J. Kronsbein, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany; P. Kuna, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; I. Kupryś Lipinska, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; N. Kwon, GSK, Brentford, UK; M. Langer, Lungenpraxis Dr Langer Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; B. Langeveld, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, The Netherlands; A. Lantz, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; N. Lazarinis, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Z. Lazic, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; L. Lehtimäki, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; J. Leuppi, University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Basel, Switzerland; C. Lombardi, Hospital Institute Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy; M. Lommatzsch, Universität Rostock, Abteilung Pneumologie, Rostock, Germany; A. López-Viña, Hospital Puerta Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; R. Louis, CHU Liege, GIGA-I3 Research Group, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; R. Luca, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; D. Lúðvíksdóttir, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland; C. Lüttecke-Hecht, Lungenfacharztpraxis Dr C. Lüttecke-Hecht, Mainz, Germany; L. Macchia, University of Bari – Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; T. Magni, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy; A.H. Maitland-van der Zee, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; C. Martínez Rivera, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona; P. Mastoridis, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., East Hanover, NJ, USA; F. Mazza, Presidio Ospedaliero of Pordenone, Pordenone, Italy; F. Menzella, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy; A. Menzies-Gow, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK; A. Michils, Hôpital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium; F. Mihălţan, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania; M. Milanese, Pulmonology Unit, ASL2 Savonese, Pietra Ligure, Savona, Italy; K. Milger-Kneidinger, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany; J. Molinska, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; I. Montagna, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy; P. Montuschi, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; N. Mülleneisen, Asthma und Allergiezentrum, Leverskusen, Germany; M. Muñoz Esquerre, Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; A. Nanzer-Kelly, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust and King's College London, London, UK; N. Nenasheva, Russian Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia; C. Neurohr, Klinik Schillerhöhe, Abteilung für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Gerlingen, Germany; E. Nucera, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; J. Otker, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; K. Oud, Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Ede, The Netherlands; P. Paggiaro, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; R. Parente, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy; J. Parkinson, Asthma UK, London, UK; G. Passalacqua, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; N. Patberg, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands; V. Patella, “Santa Maria della Speranza” Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy; O. Patino, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; T. Paulsson, GSK, Brentford, UK; R. Peche, Hôpital Vésale, Charleroi, France; G. Pelaia, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; E. Peress, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; L. Pérez de Llano, Hospital Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain; P. Pfeffer, Barts Health NHS Trust and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; P. Pfister, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; C. Pilette, CHU Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; C. Pinedo Sierra, Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; L. Pini, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; V. Plaza, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; C. Porsbjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; F. Powitz, Pneumologie Elisenhof München, München, Germany; D. Ramos-Barbon, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; T. Ranger, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; L. Rasmussen, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Gentofte, Denmark; K. Rasmussen, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; M. Rezelj, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia; L. Ricciardi, University Hospital “G. Martino”, University of Messina, Italy; F. Ricciardolo, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Torino, Italy; L.B. Richards, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E. Ridolo, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; L. Rijssenbeek-Nouwens, Dutch Asthma Centre Davos, Davos, Switzerland; G. Rolla, AO Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Turin, Italy; D. Romero Ribate, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; S. Rüdiger, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany; G. Safioti, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; T. Sandström, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; P. Santus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy; R. Sauer, Lungenzentrum Ulm, Ulm, Germany; G. Schauerte, CJD Berchtesgaden, Asthmazentrum und Diabeteszentrum, Berchtesgaden, Germany; R. Schipmann, Klinik Martinusquelle, Bad Lippspringe, Germany; F. Schleich, University of Liege, CHU Liege, Liege, Belgium; J. Schmid, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; F. Schmidt, Pneumologische Gemeinschaftspraxis Dr Schmidt und Weeg, München, Germany; O. Schmidt, Lungenfachärzte KSS, Koblenz, Germany; M. Schmitz, Pneumo Westpfalz, Kaiserslautern, Germany; T. Schrag, Praxis Dr med. Till Schrag, Bad Reichenhall, Germany; S. Schröer, Internistische Schwerpunktpraxis, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; K. Schultz, Klinik Bad Reichenhall, Bad Reichenhall, Germany; C. Schulz, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; N. Scichilone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; V. Sedlak, Czech Pneumology and Phthiseology Society, Prague, Czech Republic; J. Selb, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia; G. Senna, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; S. Sergejeva, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; J. Serrano Pariente, Hospital Inca, Islas Baleares, Spain; M. Sichau, MVZ für Diagnostik und Therapie, Herne, Germany; D. Simona, AV3 ASUR Marche, Hospital Civitanova Marche, Macerata, Italy; A. Singer, Barts Health NHS Trust, London UK; D. Skowasch, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany; S. Škrgat, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia; F. Smeenk, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; S. Smith, GSK, Durham, NC, USA; P. Solidoro, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; J.K. Sont, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; G. Spadaro, AO Universitaria Federico II, Naples, Italy; A. Spanevello, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; M. Stefansdottir, European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK; K. Steinmetz, Gemeinschaftspraxis, Darmstadt, Germany; J. Steiß, Universitätsklinikum Giessen, Giessen, Germany; M. Stephan, Klinik Löwenstein, Löwenstein, Germany; S. Stieglitz, Wuppertaler Lungenzentrum, Wuppertal, Germany; H. Suhling, MH Hannover, Hannover, Germany; C. Taube, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Westdeutsches Lungenzentrum am Universitätsklinikum Essen gGmbH, Essen, Germany; A. ten Brinke, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; S. Tolga Yavuz, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany; N. Tudoric, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia; C. Ulrik, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; J.J.M.H. van Bragt, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; M. van de Ven, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; F. van den Elshout, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; M. Van Dyke, GSK,Collegeville, PA, USA; S. van Nederveen-Bendien, Haga Hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands; I. van Veen, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; O. Vandenplas, CHU Godine Namur, Belgium; K. Velthove, GSK, Zeist, The Netherlands; A. Vianello, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; S.J.H. Vijverberg, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; C. Vogelberg, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Dresden, Germany; S.S. Wagers, BioSciConsulting, Maasmechelen, Belgium; E. Wallén-Nielsen, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; E.J. Weersink, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; T. Wisskirchen, Aeroprax, Wuppertal, Germany; M. Yacoub, San Raffaele Hospital of Milano, Milan, Italy; S. Yancey, GSK, Durham, NC, USA; V. Yasinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; M. Zappa, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy; S. Zielen, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany; C. Zimmermann, Pneumologische Praxis Reutlingen, Reutlingen, Germany; R. Zimmermann, Klinikum Landshut, Medizinische Klinik 2, Landshut, Germany.
Conflict of interest: J.J.M.H. van Bragt has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: I.M. Adcock has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: E.H.D. Bel reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, GSK and Novartis, grants from Teva, and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi/Regeneron, Vectura and Sterna, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: G-J. Braunstahl reports grants from GSK, Novartis, AstraZeneca and Chiesi, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: A. Ten Brinke reports institutional fees for research advisory boards and lectures from GSK, Teva and AstraZeneca, institutional fees for research advisory boards from Sanofi, Novartis and Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: J. Busby has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: G.W. Canonica reports personal fees from A. Menarini, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Circassia, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva, during the conduct of the study.
Conflict of interest: H. Cao is an employee of Novartis, which is one of the funding pharmaceutical companies of SHARP.
Conflict of interest: K.F. Chung has received honoraria for participating in advisory board meetings from GSK, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim and Teva regarding treatments for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has also been remunerated for speaking engagements.
Conflict of interest: Z. Csoma has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: B. Dahlén reports advisory board membership for Teva, GSK and Sanofi, personal fees for lectures from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: E. Davin has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S. Hansen has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: E. Heffler reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva, Novartis, GSK, Circassia and Nestle Purina, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: I. Horvath reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Chiesi, Berlin-Chemie, Roche, MSD, CSL and Sager Pharma, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: S. Korn reports personal fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Teva and Roche, grants and personal fees from GSK and Novartis, during the conduct of the study.
Conflict of interest: M. Kots is a full time Chiesi Famaceutici SpA employee, Global clinical development department.
Conflict of interest: P. Kuna reports personal fees for lectures and advisory board work from AstraZeneca and Novartis, personal fees for lectures and nonfinancial support for meeting attendance from Berlin-Chemie, Menarini and Boehringer Ingelheim, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: N. Kwon is an employee of GSK.
Conflict of interest: R. Louis reports grants and personal fees for advisory board work from GSK, AstraZeneca and Novartis, grants from Chiesi, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: V. Plaza reports grants, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Chiesi, grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from ALK, Mundipharma and Sanofi, grants from Menarini, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: C. Porsbjerg has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: D. Ramos-Barbon has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: L.B. Richards has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S. Škrgat reports personal fees for lectures and scientific discussion at symposia from Teva and Boehringer, personal fees for lectures and advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Glaxo, Berlin-Chemie and Chiesi, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: J.K. Sont has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S.J.H. Vijverberg has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: E.J. Weersink has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: V. Yasinska has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: S.S. Wagers reports consultancy fees from the European Respiratory Society, during the conduct of the study; consultancy fees from King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Academic Medical Research, AMC Medical Research BV, Asthma UK, Athens Medical School, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, CHU de Toulouse, CIRO, DS Biologicals Ltd, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, European Respiratory Society, FISEVI, Fluidic Analytics Ltd, Fraunhofer IGB, Fraunhofer ITEM, GSK R&D Ltd, Holland and Knight, Karolinska Institutet Fakturor, KU Leuven, Longfonds, National Heart and Lung Institute, Novartis Pharma AG, Owlstone Medical Ltd, PExA AB, UCB Biopharma SPRL, UCB Biosciences GmbH, Umeå University, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Universita Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Universität Ulm, University of Bern, University of Edinburgh, University of Hull, University of Leicester, University of Loughborough, University of Luxembourg, University of Manchester, University of Nottingham, Vlaams Brabant, Dienst Europa, Imperial College London, Boehringer Ingelheim, Breathomix, Gossamer Bio, AstraZeneca and CIBER, outside the submitted work.
Conflict of interest: R. Djukanovic reports receiving fees for lectures at symposia organised by Novartis, AstraZeneca and Teva, consultation for Teva and Novartis as member of advisory boards, and participation in a scientific discussion about asthma organised by GSK; and is a co-founder and current consultant, and has shares in Synairgen, a University of Southampton spin out company.
Conflict of interest: A.H. Maitland-van der Zee reports personal fees for participating in an advisory board from AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim, unrestricted research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim and GSK.
- Received June 14, 2019.
- Accepted September 18, 2019.
- Copyright ©ERS 2020