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[(dw)17.3(el)18.4(li)16.5(ng)-399.9(ca)20.4(th)13.2(et)18.4(er)19.2(s)-406(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-401.9(i)0(n)18.9(s)0(e)19.6(r)0(t)17.3(e)0(d)-400.3(i)0(n)18.9(t)0(o)-396.6(a)-410.9(fe)19.2(mo)18.1(ra)13.5(l)-407.2(v)0(e)20.8(i)0(n)-396.6(f)0(o)13.9(r)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(dr)19.6(ug)-297.4(in)18.8(je)12.8(ct)18.5(io)18.9(n)-302.4(t)0(o)-299.8(m)0(a)17.7(i)0(n)18.9(t)0(a)18.4(i)0(n)-299.8(a)0(n)20.8(a)0(e)14.7(s)0(t)17.7(h)0(e)20.8(s)0(i)17.7(a)0(,)-297.5(a)0(n)15.1(d)-302.4(in)18.9(to)-299.8(a)-302.8(f)0(e)19.2(m)0(o)12.4(r)0(a)19.2(l)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(ar)19.2(te)12.8(ry)-299(fo)13.9(r)-309.7(a)0(r)13.5(t)0(e)18.4(r)0(i)17.3(a)0(l)-305.9(b)0(l)18.9(o)0(o)21.2(d)-313.8(ga)15.1(s)-309.2(m)0(o)12.4(n)0(i)18.9(t)0(o)18.9(r)0(i)17.3(n)0(g)-303.1(\()0(A)15.7(B)0(L)18.1(3)0(3)15.5(0)0(;)-299.8(R)0(a)16.1(d)0(i)13.2(o)0(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(me)17.7(te)18.4(r)37.5(,)-324.7(C)11.6(o)0(p)15.5(e)0(n)15.1(h)0(a)20.8(g)0(e)15.1(n)0(,)-314.1(D)0(e)16.9(n)0(m)18.1(a)0(r)19.2(k)0(\))14(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -2.4697 TD [(Sur)30.7(ge)-7.6(ry)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.0015 -1.7527 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-581.6(c)0(e)14.7(r)0(v)19.6(i)0(c)12.8(a)0(l)-573.4(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(c)14.7(h)0(e)20.8(a)-587.3(w)12.4(a)0(s)-577.9(d)0(i)18.9(s)0(s)18.9(e)0(c)14.7(t)0(e)18.4(d)-586.9(al)18.4(on)21.2(g)-586.9(i)0(t)16.5(s)-582.4(en)15.1(ti)16.5(re)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(le)18.4(ng)15.5(th)18.9(,)-387.3(s)0(e)19.6(c)0(t)18.5(i)0(o)18.9(n)0(e)15.1(d)-382(1)-387.7(c)0(m)-380.7(b)0(e)20.8(l)0(o)18.9(w)-386(th)13.2(e)-382.4(l)0(a)18.4(r)0(y)13.9(n)0(x)-377.1(a)0(n)20.8(d)-387.7(lo)18.9(w)-386(i)0(n)-373.8(t)0(h)13.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(ne)15.1(ck)20.8(.)-324.7(C)11.6(ar)13.5(e)-319.8(w)0(a)16.9(s)-326.3(ta)18.4(ke)20.8(n)-325.1(t)0(o)-311.2(a)0(v)15.1(o)0(i)18.9(d)-325.1(th)18.9(e)-319.8(v)0(a)15.1(g)0(i)-311.2(d)0(u)15.5(r)0(i)17.3(n)0(g)-314.5(t)0(h)18.9(e)-325.5(pr)19.6(oc)15.1(e-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(du)15.5(re)19.2(.)-262.1(T)0(h)17.1(e)-262.9(la)18.4(ry)13.9(nx)-251.9(wa)16.9(s)-263.7(i)0(n)18.9(s)0(p)14.4(e)0(c)20.4(t)0(e)18.4(d)-262.5(vi)13.2(su)20(al)18.4(ly)-254.3(th)18.9(ro)13.9(ug)21.2(h)-262.5(t)0(h)13.2(e)-262.9(up)21.2(pe)15.1(r)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(se)19.6(ct)12.8(io)18.9(n)-495.8(o)0(f)-492.5(t)0(h)18.9(e)-501.9(tr)17.3(ac)14.7(he)20.8(a)-501.9(a)0(n)20.8(d)-501.5(ch)20.8(ec)14.7(ke)15.1(d)-495.8(f)0(o)13.9(r)-497.4(no)15.5(rm)16.5(al)-488(mo)18.1(ti)16.5(on)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(du)15.5(ri)17.3(ng)-337.3(th)18.9(e)-354(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)12.8(o)0(r)19.6(y)-347.9(cy)15.1(cl)18.5(e,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 11.603 0 TD -0.0147 Tc [(i.)-14.7(e.)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.5251 0 TD 0 Tc [(ab)15.1(du)21.2(ct)12.8(i)13.9(o)0(n)-343(o)0(n)-343(i)0(n)18.9(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.4(i)0(o)13.2(n)]TJ -13.1281 -1.0527 TD [(an)15.1(d)-262.5(a)0(d)20.8(d)0(u)15.5(c)0(t)18.5(i)0(o)18.8(n)-268.2(on)-251.9(ex)15.1(pi)18.9(ra)19.2(ti)16.5(on)15.5(.)-262.1(A)-266.5(sk)20(et)12.8(ch)-252.3(of)-259.2(th)18.9(e)-262.9(e)0(x)15.1(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(i)17.3(m)0(e)12(n)0(t)18.9(a)0(l)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(se)19.6(t-)17.3(up)-280.4(is)-283.9(pr)19.6(es)13.9(en)20.8(te)18.4(d)-291(i)0(n)-277.1(f)0(i)11.6(g)0(u)21.2(r)0(e)-282.4(1)0(.)-285.7(The)-302.7(extre)-8.6(mities)-306.7(of)-299(the)-301(tra-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(chea)-317.2(wer)-8.2(e)-308.5(c)0(a)-8(nnulated)-319(with)-319(plexiglas)-323.3(cannul)-7.8(ae,)-315.7(5)-313.7(m)0(m)-315.1(in-)]TJ T* [(terna)-8.6(l)-492.5(diam)-9(eter)-497.2(\(ID\))-501.2(that)-497.6(wer)-8.2(e)-490.6(conn)-9.1(ected)-496.8(each)-499.3(to)-499(one)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(end)-395.3(of)-395.8(a)-388.1(hea)-8.8(ted)-392(Fleis)-9.4(ch)-388.9(pneu)-9.1(motachogra)-10.3(ph)-394.2(\(mod)-7.8(el)-391.3(No.)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(0;)-345.3(Metabo)-9.7(,)-341.8(Hepalin)-9.1(ges,)-345.7(Switzerlan)-15(d\).)-344.9(The)-342.6(press)-8.2(ure)-345.7(drop)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(across)-458.9(the)-448.9(flow)-11(meter)-455.6(was)-451.7(meas)-8.2(ured)-454.6(with)-455.6(a)-450.7(differential)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(press)-8.2(ure)-203.5(transducer)-209.1(\(Micro)-206(176PC)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 192.642 397.134 Tm (14)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 200.579 397.134 Tm [(HD2;)-206.8(Honeywe)-8.3(ll)-199.8(\21335)]TJ -14.2833 -1.0471 TD [(hPa,)-338(Scaborou)-7.7(gh,)-337.7(Ontari)-9.6(o,)-331.2(Can)-7.4(ada\).)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-399.5(m)0(o)18.1(u)0(t)13.2(h)-399.1(wa)16.9(s)-400.3(p)0(r)19.6(o)0(p)15.5(p)0(e)15.1(d)-399.1(wi)14.9(de)20.8(ly)-390.9(op)15.5(en)-388.9(an)15.1(d)-399.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-405.2(t)13.9(o)0(n)15.5(g)0(u)15.5(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(re)19.2(tr)17.3(ac)14.7(te)18.4(d.)-297.1(On)17.3(e)-308.5(e)0(n)15.1(d)-302.4(of)-299(a)-308.5(7)-302.4(cm)-301(lo)18.9(ng)15.5(,)-307.7(1)0(5)-297.4(m)0(m)-298(I)0(D)-297.3(s)0(o)14.4(f)0(t)-295.7(p)0(l)18.9(a)0(s)13.9(t)0(i)16.5(c)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(tu)18.9(be)-201.1(wa)16.9(s)-212.5(a)0(d)15.1(v)0(a)20.8(n)0(c)15.1(e)0(d)-201.1(i)0(n)18.9(t)0(o)-203.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-211.7(or)19.6(al)-203.5(ca)14.7(vi)18.9(ty)81.4(,)-210.9(d)0(o)15.5(w)12.4(n)-211.3(t)0(o)-203.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-211.7(le)18.4(ve)15.1(l)-213.7(o)0(f)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(th)18.9(e)-530.4(e)0(p)15.1(i)0(g)18.9(l)0(o)18.9(t)0(t)16.5(i)0(s)17.7(.)-529.6(Th)17.1(e)-530.4(o)0(u)15.5(t)0(e)18.4(r)-531.6(di)18.9(me)17.7(ns)14.4(io)18.9(ns)-520.6(of)-526.7(t)13.9(h)0(e)-525.5(t)0(u)18.9(b)0(e)-519.8(w)0(e)11.2(r)0(e)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(se)19.6(le)12.8(ct)18.5(ed)-269.4(to)-271.4(pr)13.9(ov)21.2(id)13.2(e)-280(a)-280(t)0(i)16.5(g)0(h)21.2(t)-282(fi)17.3(t)-282(t)0(o)-271.4(t)0(h)18.9(e)-280(ph)15.5(ar)19.2(yn)15.5(ge)20.8(al)-277.5(w)12.4(a)0(l)12.8(l)13.9(s.)-275.5(T)12.2(h)0(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ot)18.9(he)15.1(r)-292.6(e)0(n)15.1(d)-296.7(of)-282(th)13.2(e)-291.4(t)0(u)13.2(b)0(e)-286.5(w)12.4(as)-287.7(co)15.1(nn)21.2(ec)14.7(te)18.4(d)-296.7(t)0(o)-288.4(a)-291.4(ho)15.5(rn)-287.7(dr)19.6(iv)18.9(er)-288.1(ty)18.8(pe)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(lo)18.9(ud)15.5(-s)18.4(pe)15.1(ak)20.8(er)-384.8(\(Z)15.5(R)11.6(4)0(0)15.5(9)0(A)17.3(;)-395.8(B)11.6(o)0(u)15.5(y)0(e)20.8(r)37.5(,)-393(M)0(o)19.3(n)0(t)13.2(a)0(u)20.8(b)0(a)15.1(n)0(,)-382.4(F)11.4(ra)13.5(nc)20.8(e\))13.5(.)-393(I)0(n)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(or)19.6(de)15.1(r)-446.2(t)0(o)-430.7(p)0(r)13.9(e)0(v)20.8(e)0(n)15.1(t)-441.3(ca)14.7(rb)19.6(on)-434(di)13.2(ox)21.2(id)18.9(e)-445(a)0(c)14.7(c)0(u)20.8(m)0(u)12.4(l)13.9(at)12.8(io)18.9(n,)-433.6(th)18.8(e)-445(c)0(o)15.1(n)0(-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(ne)15.1(ct)18.5(in)18.8(g)-370.7(d)0(e)20.8(a)0(d)-360.4(s)0(p)14.4(a)0(c)20.4(e)-371.1(to)-362.4(th)18.9(e)-371.1(l)13.9(ou)15.5(d-)19.6(sp)14.4(ea)20.4(ke)15.1(r)-366.6(w)0(a)16.9(s)-371.8(pe)15.1(rm)16.5(an)20.8(en)15.1(tl)16.5(y)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(fl)17.3(us)20(he)15.1(d)-387.7(w)0(i)14.9(t)13.9(h)-387.7(c)0(o)15.1(n)0(s)20(t)0(a)18.4(n)0(t)-379.5(b)0(i)18.9(a)0(s)-378.7(f)0(l)17.3(o)0(w)-381(c)0(i)18.4(r)0(c)13.5(u)0(l)18.9(a)0(t)18.5(i)0(n)18.9(g)-387.7(th)18.9(ro)13.9(ug)21.2(h)-387.7(h)0(i)18.9(g)0(h)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(in)18.9(er)13.5(ta)18.4(nc)20.8(e)-200.3(t)0(u)18.9(b)0(i)13.2(n)0(g)21.2(.)-199.6(On)17.3(e)-200.3(p)0(r)19.6(e)0(s)14(s)0(u)20(r)0(e)-191.3(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(n)15.1(s)0(d)20(u)0(c)20.8(e)0(r)-191.3(w)0(a)16.9(s)-201.1(co)15.1(nn)21.2(ec)14.7(te)18.4(d)-199.9(t)0(o)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(th)18.9(e)-206(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(c)14.7(h)0(e)20.8(a)-211.7(ro)19.6(st)17.7(ra)19.2(l)-208(t)0(o)-197.4(t)0(h)18.9(e)-211.7(pn)21.2(eu)15.1(mo)18.1(ta)18.4(ch)15.1(og)21.2(ra)13.5(ph)-195(an)15.1(d)-205.6(r)0(e)19.2(f)0(e)19.2(r)0(e)13.5(n)0(c)20.8(e)0(d)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(to)-203.1(th)18.9(e)-211.7(d)0(i)18.9(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(l)-203.5(e)0(n)15.1(d)-205.6(of)-202.3(th)13.2(e)-206(p)0(h)15.5(a)0(r)19.2(y)0(n)15.5(g)0(e)15.1(a)0(l)-197.8(t)0(u)13.2(b)0(e)-201.1(t)0(o)-203.1(m)0(e)17.7(a)0(s)19.6(u)0(r)13.9(e)-206(pr)13.9(es)19.6(su)14.4(re)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ac)14.7(ro)19.6(ss)-299.8(t)13.9(h)0(e)-297.8(u)0(p)15.5(p)0(e)15.1(r)-304(ai)18.5(rw)15.7(ay)15.1(s)-303.6(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.3909 0 TD (P)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 167.754 240.264 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 175.068 240.264 Tm [(\).)-293(An)17.3(ot)13.2(he)20.8(r)-309.7(p)0(r)19.6(e)0(s)19.6(s)0(u)14.4(r)0(e)-299.4(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(n)20.8(s)0(d)14.4(u)0(-)]TJ -11.7225 -1.0527 TD [(ce)14.7(r)-377.9(w)0(a)11.2(s)-377.5(co)15.1(nn)15.5(ec)20.4(te)18.4(d)-382(t)0(o)-373.8(t)0(h)13.2(e)-382.4(tr)17.3(ac)20.4(he)15.1(a)-382.4(c)0(a)14.7(u)0(d)21.2(a)0(l)-374.2(t)0(o)-373.8(t)0(h)18.9(e)-382.4(pn)15.5(eu)15.1(mo)18.1(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ta)18.4(ch)15.1(og)21.2(ra)13.5(ph)-610.4(an)15.1(d)-621(r)0(e)13.5(f)0(e)19.2(r)0(e)13.5(n)0(c)20.8(e)0(d)-616.5(t)0(o)-612.8(a)0(t)18.4(m)0(o)12.4(s)0(p)20(h)0(e)15.1(r)0(e)-612.4(t)0(o)-618.5(m)0(e)17.7(a)0(s)19.6(u)0(r)13.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(tr)17.3(an)15.1(sr)18.4(es)19.6(pi)18.9(ra)13.5(to)18.9(ry)-327.5(pr)19.6(es)19.6(su)14.4(re)-322.2(\(f)12.4(ig)18.9(.)-330.4(1\).)-339.2(These)-351.4(transducers)-353.3(wer)-8.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(identical)-342(to)-339.7(that)-338.3(connecte)-10.1(d)-330.8(t)0(o)-334(the)-340.8(pneumotacho)-9.4(graph.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -2.5721 TD [(Pr)27.3(otocol)-339.8(and)-332.3(admi)-9.4(nistrat)-9.2(ion)-334.7(of)-334(nebuli)-9.7(zed)-333.9(solution)-8.7(s)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.0015 -1.8494 TD [(Ne)16.9(bu)15.5(li)16.5(ze)20.4(d)-291(s)0(o)14.4(l)13.9(ut)13.2(io)18.9(ns)-281.6(we)16.9(re)-282.4(ad)15.1(mi)15.7(ni)18.9(st)17.7(er)19.2(ed)-286.5(di)18.9(re)19.2(ct)18.4(ly)-282.7(in)18.9(to)-282.7(th)13.2(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(tr)17.3(ac)14.7(he)20.8(a)-314.2(w)12.4(hi)13.2(le)-300.2(bl)18.9(oc)15.1(ki)18.9(ng)-303.1(th)18.9(e)-314.2(w)12.4(ay)-303.5(to)-305.5(th)18.9(e)-308.5(p)0(n)15.5(e)0(u)20.8(m)0(o)12.4(t)0(a)18.4(c)0(h)20.8(o)0(g)15.5(r)0(a)19.2(p)0(h)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(to)-208.8(av)20.8(oi)13.2(d)-211.3(d)0(e)15.1(p)0(o)21.2(s)0(i)12(t)13.9(io)13.2(n)-211.3(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)18.9(i)0(n)-208.8(t)0(h)18.9(e)-217.4(fl)17.3(ow)17.3(me)12(t)13.9(e)0(r)64.8(.)-216.6(A)-215.3(t)0(w)14.9(o)0(-)19.6(w)0(a)16.9(y)-217(va)20.8(lv)13.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(\(m)16.5(od)15.5(el)-283.1(72)21.2(0;)-282.7(Ha)16.9(ns)-287.2(R)11.6(u)0(d)15.5(o)0(l)18.9(p)0(h)15.5(,)-290.6(Ka)16.9(ns)20(as)-287.7(C)11.6(i)0(t)16.5(y)73.2(,)-296.3(M)0(O)15.3(,)-290.6(U)12.4(S)0(A)12.4(\))-292.6(wa)16.9(s)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(at)18.4(ta)18.4(ch)15.1(ed)-269.4(to)-271.4(th)18.9(e)-280(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(c)20.4(h)0(e)15.1(a)0(.)-269(A)-277.8(De)11.2(V)63.6(i)0(l)16.5(b)0(i)18.9(s)0(s)-271.4(n)0(e)15.1(b)0(u)21.2(l)0(i)16.5(z)0(e)14.7(r)-275.5(\(m)16.5(od)15.5(el)-271.8(N)12.4(o)0(.)]TJ 25.1977 36.061 TD [(56)15.5(10)15.5(D)12.4(;)-555.1(He)16.9(al)18.5(th)-544.5(Ca)16.1(re)-544.1(W)77.7(o)0(r)19.6(l)0(d)18.9(w)0(i)14.9(d)0(e)20.8(,)-552.4(So)16.3(me)17.7(rs)18.4(et)12.8(,)-552.4(P)96.8(A,)-545.7(US)18.1(A\))]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(dr)13.9(iv)18.9(en)-212.5(by)-212.1(a)-223.1(c)0(o)20.8(n)0(s)14.4(t)0(a)18.4(n)0(t)-208.8(a)0(i)12.8(r)-218.6(fl)17.3(ow)-216(at)-209.2(7)-222.7(L)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 13.5151 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2675 -0.1992 TD [(mi)15.7(n)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 461.707 465.789 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 469.984 461.367 Tm [(wa)16.9(s)-223.9(c)0(o)20.8(n)0(n)15.5(e)0(c)20.4(t)0(e)18.4(d)-222.7(to)]TJ -16.127 -1.0527 TD [(on)15.5(e)-382.4(a)0(r)19.2(m)-385.2(of)-373(th)18.9(e)-382.4(T)91.9(-t)17.3(ub)15.5(e)-382.4(a)0(n)20.8(d)-382(a)-382.4(l)0(a)18.4(r)20.4(ge)-377.5(vo)21.2(lu)18.9(me)-375(tu)13.2(bi)18.9(ng)-371.4(to)-373.8(th)18.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ot)13.2(he)20.8(r)37.5(,)-495.5(so)-486.4(as)-486.8(t)13.9(o)-495.8(sa)13.9(tu)18.8(ra)19.2(te)-488(in)18.9(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(ed)-485.6(ti)16.5(da)20.8(l)-498.2(v)0(o)21.2(l)0(u)18.9(m)0(e)-488.8(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)-487.6(t)0(h)18.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(ne)15.1(bu)15.5(l)13.9(i)0(z)12.8(e)0(d)-314.9(s)0(o)20(l)0(u)18.9(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)15.5(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(Is)12.8(ot)18.9(on)21.2(ic)-590.4(sa)19.6(li)16.5(ne)-588.1(wa)16.9(s)-593.8(g)0(i)13.2(v)0(e)20.8(n)-598.3(as)-589.3(co)20.8(nt)18.9(ro)13.9(l.)-584(Me)13.2(t)13.9(h)0(a)15.1(c)0(h)15.1(o)0(l)18.8(i)0(n)18.9(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(ch)15.1(lo)18.8(ri)17.3(de)-229.6(\(L)15.5(ab)20.8(or)14(at)18.4(oi)18.9(re)19.2(s)-241(A)12.4(LL)13(E)12.2(R)0(B)17.5(I)0(O)15.7(,)-239.4(V)114.8(a)0(r)13.5(e)0(n)20.8(n)0(e)15.1(s)-235.3(en)-229.6(A)12.4(r)14.7(go)21.2(nn)15.5(e,)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(Fr)14.7(an)15.1(ce)20.4(\))-326.7(w)0(a)16.9(s)-332(di)18.9(lu)18.8(te)18.4(d)-330.8(i)0(n)-322.6(n)0(o)21.2(r)0(m)16.5(a)0(l)-323(s)0(a)19.6(l)0(i)16.5(n)0(e)-320.6(t)0(o)-316.9(c)0(o)15.1(n)0(c)20.8(e)0(n)15.1(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.4(i)0(o)18.9(n)0(s)-321.4(o)0(f)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(2.)15.9(5,)-251.5(5)-262.5(a)0(n)20.8(d)-262.5(10)-251.9(mg)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 6.6864 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2675 -0.1992 TD (mL)Tj 7.472 0 0 6.641 392.145 392.542 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 398.098 388.12 Tm [(.)-262.1(E)12.2(ac)14.7(h)-262.5(a)0(e)20.4(r)0(o)13.9(s)0(o)20(l)-259.2(ad)15.1(mi)15.7(ni)18.9(st)17.7(ra)13.5(t)13.9(i)0(o)13.2(n)-262.5(l)13.9(a)0(s)13.9(t)0(e)18.4(d)]TJ -8.9114 -1.0471 TD [(fo)13.9(r)-252.7(2)-256.8(mi)15.7(n.)-245.8(Me)18.9(as)13.9(ur)19.6(em)17.7(en)15.1(ts)-244.1(we)16.9(re)-248.2(pe)15.1(rf)18(or)19.6(me)17.7(d)-256.8(b)0(y)-246.2(e)0(p)15.1(o)0(c)20.8(h)0(s)-247.4(o)0(f)-247.8(3)0(0)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(s.)-269.8(Th)17.1(e)-274.3(m)0(e)12(a)0(s)19.6(u)0(r)19.6(e)0(m)12(e)0(n)20.8(t)0(s)-272.6(w)12.4(er)13.5(e)-274.3(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(r)13.5(t)0(e)18.5(d)-273.9(1)-279.6(m)0(i)15.7(n)-273.9(af)13.5(te)18.4(r)-275.5(c)0(e)14.7(s)0(s)18.8(a)0(t)18.5(i)0(o)18.9(n)-279.6(of)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(th)13.2(e)-336.9(a)0(e)20.4(r)0(o)14(s)0(o)20(l)-338.9(an)20.8(d)-336.5(r)0(e)13.5(p)0(e)20.8(a)0(t)12.8(e)0(d)-326.3(f)0(o)19.6(r)-338.1(2\261)15.5(10)-325.9(mi)15.7(n,)-325.5(in)-328.3(or)13.9(de)20.8(r)-338.1(t)0(o)-328.3(d)0(e)15.1(t)0(e)18.4(c)0(t)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(pe)15.1(ak)-411.7(re)19.2(sp)20(on)15.5(se)19.6(s.)-412.1(F)11.4(i)0(v)13.2(e)-416.6(to)-407.9(10)-411.3(mi)15.7(n)-416.2(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-413.3(a)0(l)18.4(l)0(o)18.8(w)0(e)16.9(d)-421.9(to)-407.9(el)18.5(ap)15.1(se)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(be)15.1(tw)14.9(ee)20.4(n)-325.1(t)0(h)18.8(e)-325.5(en)15.1(d)-319.4(o)0(f)-316.1(a)-325.5(te)18.5(st)-318.1(an)20.8(d)-325.1(t)0(h)18.8(e)-325.5(on)15.5(se)19.6(t)-327.5(o)0(f)-310.4(t)0(h)13.2(e)-319.8(ne)15.1(xt)18.9(.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(At)-207(th)18.9(e)-217.4(e)0(n)20.8(d)-211.3(of)-208(th)18.9(e)-211.7(e)0(x)15.1(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(i)17.3(m)0(e)12(n)0(t)-203.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-211.7(ca)14.7(t)-213.7(w)12.4(as)-208(sa)19.6(cr)13.5(i)13.9(f)0(i)17.3(c)0(e)14.7(d)-211.3(by)-206.4(an)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(in)13.2(tr)17.3(av)20.8(en)15.1(ou)21.2(s)-326.3(l)0(e)18.4(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(l)-317.3(d)0(o)15.5(s)0(e)-316.1(o)0(f)-310.4(p)0(e)15.1(n)0(t)18.9(o)0(b)15.5(a)0(r)19.2(b)0(i)18.9(t)0(a)12.8(l)13.9(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -2.7144 TD [(Osc)-7.8(illation)-342.4(mech)-7.8(anics)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.0015 -1.8494 TD -0.0177 Tc [(T)-17.7(h)-0.6(e)-371.7(e)-17.7(xc)-17.7(it)-17.7(at)-17.7(io)-17.7(n)-366.4(s)-17.7(ig)-17.7(na)-17.7(l)-363.4(w)-17.7(as)-372.5(a)-371.7(2)-17.7(0)-360.7(H)-17.7(z)-365(s)-17.7(in)-17.7(e)-361.1(w)-17.7(av)-17.7(e)-366.8(p)-17.7(re)-17.7(ss)-17.7(ur)-17.7(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0527 TD 0 Tc [(va)15.1(ri)17.3(at)18.4(io)18.9(n)-234.1(g)0(e)15.1(n)0(e)15.1(r)0(a)19.2(t)0(e)18.4(d)-234.1(by)-229.1(a)-234.5(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(s)18.4(o)0(n)15.5(a)0(l)-226.2(c)0(o)20.8(m)0(p)12.4(u)0(t)18.9(e)0(r)-225.5(\()0(I)18(B)0(M)-230.1(3)0(2)21.2(5)-234.1(T/)14.7(S)11.4(;)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(IB)14.9(M,)-264.9(Gr)15.7(ee)20.4(no)15.5(ck)15.1(,)-267.8(S)0(c)15.9(o)0(t)18.9(l)0(a)18.4(n)0(d)15.5(,)-273.5(U)12.4(K)0(\))-268.8(e)0(q)20.8(u)0(i)13.2(p)0(p)21.2(e)0(d)-263.7(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)-260(a)-274.3(12)15.5(-b)19.6(it)-262.4(A-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(D-)15.7(D-)15.7(A)-266.5(c)0(o)15.1(n)0(v)21.2(e)0(r)13.5(s)0(i)17.7(o)0(n)-257.6(b)0(o)21.2(a)0(r)19.2(d)-268.2(\(P)14.7(C)11.6(-)0(L)15.5(a)0(b)20.8(,)-267.8(Di)14.9(gi)18.9(me)]TJ 16.4684 0.0398 TD (\302)Tj 0.3642 -0.0398 TD [(tr)17.3(ie)18.4(,)-267.8(P)11.4(er)13.5(pi)18.9(gn)21.2(an)15.1(,)]TJ -16.8326 -1.0527 TD [(Fr)14.7(an)15.1(ce)20.4(\))-321(c)0(o)15.1(n)0(n)21.2(e)0(c)14.7(t)0(e)18.4(d)-319.4(to)-311.2(a)-319.8(p)0(o)15.5(w)0(e)16.9(r)-321(am)17.7(pl)13.2(i)13.9(f)0(i)17.3(e)0(r)-316.5(f)0(e)19.2(e)0(d)15.1(i)0(n)18.9(g)-319.4(th)18.8(e)-319.8(l)0(o)13.2(u)0(d)21.2(-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(sp)14.4(ea)20.4(ke)15.1(r)60.2(.)-336.1(A)12.4(l)0(l)-330.6(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(n)20.8(s)0(d)14.4(u)0(c)20.8(e)0(r)13.5(s)-332(we)16.9(re)-327.9(ma)17.7(tc)18.4(he)15.1(d)-336.5(w)12.4(it)16.5(hi)13.2(n)-330.8(1)0(%)-328.3(o)0(f)-327.5(a)0(m)17.7(-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(pl)13.2(it)22.2(ud)15.5(e)-319.8(a)0(n)20.8(d)-319.4(2)]TJ /F10 1 Tf 5.241 0 TD (8)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.7056 0 TD 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TD [(32)15.5(0)-376.3(H)0(z)16.9(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.6306 0 TD (Z)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 350.872 164.806 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 362.041 164.806 Tm [(wa)16.9(s)-377.5(d)0(e)15.1(f)0(i)17.3(n)0(e)15.1(d)-376.3(as)-367.3(th)13.2(e)-376.8(c)0(o)15.1(m)0(p)18.1(l)0(e)18.5(x)-382(ra)19.2(ti)16.5(o)-376.3(o)0(f)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.0344 0 TD (P)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 517.72 164.806 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 528.888 164.806 Tm (to)Tj -22.0395 -1.0471 TD [(fl)17.3(ow)74.2(,)-313.4(a)0(n)15.1(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.0175 0 TD (Z)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 354.784 154.375 Tm [(rs)24.1(,l)15(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 371.395 154.375 Tm [(as)-304.7(th)13.2(e)-314.2(c)0(o)15.1(m)0(p)18.1(l)0(e)18.4(x)-319.4(ra)19.2(ti)16.5(o)-319.4(o)0(f)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.5317 0 TD (P)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 472.252 154.375 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(l)0(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 488.863 154.375 Tm [(to)-311.2(fl)17.3(ow)79.9(,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.3574 0 TD [(i.)13.5(e.)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.1723 0 TD (,)Tj -22.5516 -1.0528 TD [(th)13.2(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.5706 0 TD (Z)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 330.35 143.887 Tm (rs)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 339.704 143.887 Tm [(ca)20.4(ud)15.5(al)-368.5(to)-368.1(th)18.8(e)-376.7(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(c)14.7(h)0(e)20.8(o)0(s)14.4(t)0(o)18.9(m)0(y)80.7(.)-376(Pr)14.7(io)18.9(r)-377.9(t)0(o)-368.1(e)0(a)14.7(c)0(h)-366.1(e)0(x)15.1(p)0(e)20.8(r)0(i)17.3(-)]TJ -3.0501 -1.0471 TD [(me)12(nt)-311.2(th)13.2(e)-325.5(c)0(a)20.4(l)0(i)16.5(b)0(r)19.6(a)0(t)12.8(i)13.9(on)-320.2(of)-316.1(th)18.9(e)-325.5(a)0(p)20.8(p)0(a)15.1(r)0(a)19.2(t)0(u)18.9(s)-326.3(wa)16.9(s)-326.3(c)0(h)20.8(e)0(c)14.7(k)0(e)15.1(d)-319.4(wi)14.9(th)-316.9(a)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(ph)15.5(ys)20(ic)12.8(al)-527.8(an)20.8(al)18.4(og)15.5(ue)-525.5(of)-532.3(kn)21.2(ow)17.3(n)-535.7(i)0(m)15.7(p)0(e)15.1(d)0(a)20.8(n)0(c)15.1(e)-536.1(\(r)18(es)14(is)17.7(ta)18.5(nc)15.1(e)-536.1(8)0(0)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(hP)16.3(a)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 1.4625 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3756 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD (L)Tj 7.472 0 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423.695 646.954 m 423.695 648.51 423.887 649.771 424.124 649.771 c 424.36 649.771 424.552 648.51 424.552 646.954 c 424.552 645.398 424.36 644.136 424.124 644.136 c 423.887 644.136 423.695 645.398 423.695 646.954 c b 439.62 648.546 m 436.435 648.546 l 431.902 649.649 l 439.62 644.994 m 436.19 645.116 l 432.025 644.014 l S 433.862 646.893 m 433.862 648.009 434.109 648.914 434.414 648.914 c 434.718 648.914 434.965 648.009 434.965 646.893 c 434.965 645.776 434.718 644.871 434.414 644.871 c 434.109 644.871 433.862 645.776 433.862 646.893 c b 431.412 646.709 m 431.412 648.265 431.604 649.526 431.841 649.526 c 432.078 649.526 432.27 648.265 432.27 646.709 c 432.27 645.153 432.078 643.891 431.841 643.891 c 431.604 643.891 431.412 645.153 431.412 646.709 c b 0.49 w 389.083 641.3 2.014 -13.102 re B 1.47 w 359.75 693.626 m 367.835 721.556 l 390.865 721.556 l 399.195 693.381 l S BT /F14 1 Tf 8.82 0 0 8.82 365.63 761.295 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs [(Loud-speak)20(er)]TJ /F16 1 Tf 0.8889 -3.6667 TD (P)Tj 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[(in)18.9(g)-325.1(e)0(q)15.1(u)0(a)20.8(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)-314.5(w)0(a)16.9(s)-326.3(us)20(ed)-314.9(ac)14.7(co)20.8(rd)13.9(in)18.9(gl)18.9(y:)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 4.9849 -1.4511 TD (R)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.7227 0 TD (a)Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.7796 0 TD (\210)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.7739 0 TD (K)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.717 0 TD (1a)Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (\207)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.7739 0 TD (K)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.7227 0 TD (2a)Tj /F20 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (|)Tj /F19 1 Tf 1.0015 0 TD (j)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.2731 0 TD (V)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.717 0 TD (')Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.2219 0 TD (j\207)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.0414 0 TD (K)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.7227 0 TD (3a)Tj /F20 1 Tf 0.9902 0 TD (|)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.0015 0 TD (V)Tj /F19 1 Tf 4.1029 0 TD (\205)Tj /F21 1 Tf 0.387 0 TD (1)Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.5008 0 TD (\206)Tj /F7 1 Tf -22.4151 -1.5023 TD [(wh)17.3(er)19.2(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.5835 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.8024 0 TD [(is)-192.9(th)18.9(e)-206(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(i)17.7(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(n)15.1(c)0(e)20.4(,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 6.4815 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6601 0 TD [(1)-199.9(t)0(h)18.9(e)-206(re)19.2(si)17.7(st)17.7(an)15.1(ce)-190.1(at)-192.1(ze)14.7(ro)-190.9(fl)17.3(ow)-193.3(an)15.1(d)]TJ -10.5275 -1.0528 TD [(co)15.1(ns)20(ta)18.4(nt)-294.1(vo)21.2(lu)13.2(me)17.7(,)-302(a)0(n)20.8(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.735 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6601 0 TD 0.2967 Tc [(2a)296.7(n)311.8(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.5209 0 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6544 0 TD [(3)-302.4(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)14.4(e)0(c)20.4(t)0(i)16.5(v)0(e)15.1(l)0(y)-288.4(a)0(c)14.7(c)0(o)20.8(u)0(n)15.5(t)-299.1(fo)13.9(r)]TJ -12.5704 -1.0527 TD [(fl)17.3(ow)-364(an)15.1(d)-376.3(v)0(o)21.2(l)0(u)18.9(m)0(e)-369.3(d)0(e)20.8(p)0(e)15.1(n)0(d)15.5(e)0(n)20.8(c)0(e)-366.5(o)0(f)-367.3(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(i)17.7(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(n)15.1(c)0(e)20.4(.)-376(T)12.2(h)0(e)-366.1(s)0(u)14.4(f)20.4(fi)17.3(x)-376.3(a)]TJ T* [(st)17.7(an)15.1(ds)-298.6(fo)13.9(r)-309.7(e)0(i)18.4(t)0(h)18.9(e)0(r)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 124.894 389.424 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(l)0(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 141.449 389.424 Tm [(\(l)17.3(ow)17.3(er)-305.1(re)19.2(sp)20(ir)17.3(at)12.8(or)19.6(y)-313.7(s)0(y)20(s)0(t)17.7(e)0(m)17.7(\))-315.3(or)]TJ 7.97 0 0 7.97 258.803 389.424 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 269.291 389.424 Tm [(\(u)13.9(p-)]TJ -21.1802 -1.0528 TD [(pe)15.1(r)-258.4(a)0(i)18.4(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)20.8(s)0(\))18.4(.)-256.5(W)37.9(i)0(t)16.5(h)-256.8(th)13.2(i)13.9(s)-258(an)15.1(al)18.4(ys)14.4(i)13.9(s)0(,)-252.7(t)0(h)18.9(e)-257.2(va)15.1(ri)17.3(at)18.4(io)18.9(n)-256.8(o)0(f)-247.8(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(i)17.7(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(n)20.8(c)0(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(du)15.5(ri)17.3(ng)-411.3(a)-422.3(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.5(o)0(r)13.9(y)-421.9(cy)20.8(cl)18.5(e)-422.3(i)0(s)-414.8(s)0(i)17.7(m)0(p)18.1(l)0(y)-413.6(a)0(c)20.4(c)0(o)15.1(u)0(n)15.5(t)13.9(ed)-417.3(fo)19.6(r)-423.5(b)0(y)-411.2(a)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(tu)18.9(rb)13.9(ul)18.9(en)20.8(t)-395.8(r)0(e)13.5(g)0(i)18.9(m)0(e)17.7(n)-393.4(ex)15.1(pe)20.8(ct)12.8(ed)-383.2(at)-385.6(la)12.8(r)20.4(g)0(e)20.8(r)-395(fl)17.3(ow)-392.4(an)20.8(d)-393.4(e)0(f)24.9(f)0(e)19.2(c)0(t)18.4(s)-394.6(of)]TJ T* [(ch)15.1(an)20.8(gi)18.9(ng)-263.3(lu)18.9(ng)-257.6(vo)15.5(lu)18.9(me)-261.2(on)-263.3(ai)18.5(rw)15.7(ay)15.1(s)-269.4(d)0(i)18.9(m)0(e)17.7(n)0(s)20(i)0(o)13.2(n)0(s)20(.)-267.8(Th)17.1(e)-268.6(m)0(o)18.1(d)0(e)15.1(l)]TJ T* [(an)15.1(al)18.5(ys)20(is)-346.5(wa)16.9(s)-360.5(o)0(n)21.2(l)0(y)-345.3(p)0(e)15.1(r)0(f)18(o)0(r)13.9(m)13.2(ed)-349.1(on)-348.7(in)18.9(sp)20(ir)17.3(at)12.8(or)19.6(y)-353.6(d)0(a)15.1(t)0(a)-345.7(b)0(e)15.1(c)0(a)20.4(u)0(s)14.4(e)]TJ T* [(ex)15.1(pi)18.9(ra)19.2(to)18.9(ry)-219.4(fl)17.3(ow)-216(li)16.5(mi)15.7(ta)18.4(ti)16.5(on)21.2(,)-228(v)0(e)20.8(r)0(y)-219.4(l)0(i)22.2(k)0(e)15.1(l)0(y)-214.5(t)0(o)-220.2(o)0(c)20.8(c)0(u)15.1(r)-224.3(in)-214.5(mo)18.1(st)-215.6(an)15.1(i-)]TJ T* [(ma)17.7(ls)-323.8(af)19.2(te)18.4(r)-332.4(M)0(c)18.9(h)0(,)-319.8(r)0(e)19.2(n)0(d)15.5(e)0(r)19.2(s)-326.3(me)12(an)20.8(in)18.9(gl)13.2(es)19.6(s)-326.3(t)0(h)13.2(i)0(s)-318.1(t)0(y)18.9(p)0(e)-320.6(o)0(f)-321.8(c)0(o)20.8(m)0(p)12.4(u)0(-)]TJ T* [(ta)18.4(ti)16.5(on)-314.5(\(s)18.4(ee)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.4045 0 TD [(Di)14.9(sc)13.9(us)20(si)17.7(on)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 4.598 0 TD [(se)19.6(ct)12.8(io)18.9(n\))19.6(.)]TJ -8.0009 -1.0471 TD [(Po)16.3(st)17.7(sa)19.6(li)16.5(ne)-263.7(ae)14.7(ro)19.6(so)20(l)-276.3(d)0(a)20.8(t)0(a)-266.1(s)0(e)19.6(r)0(v)13.9(e)0(d)-263.7(a)0(s)-259.2(b)0(a)15.1(s)0(e)19.6(l)0(i)16.5(n)0(e)15.1(.)-267.8(As)-268.4(th)18.9(e)-274.3(u)0(p)21.2(p)0(e)15.1(r)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(ai)18.4(rw)15.7(ay)15.1(s)-252.3(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)14.4(o)0(n)21.2(s)0(e)-247.8(w)0(a)16.9(s)-252.3(tr)17.3(an)15.1(si)17.7(en)20.8(t,)-248.2(th)18.9(e)-251.6(a)0(u)15.1(t)0(h)18.9(o)0(r)14(s)-252.3(fo)19.6(cu)15.1(se)19.6(d)-256.8(o)0(n)-240.5(t)0(h)13.2(e)]TJ T* [(ep)15.1(oc)20.8(h)-211.3(o)0(f)-202.3(t)0(h)18.9(e)-211.7(t)13.9(e)0(s)13.9(t)-208(co)15.1(rr)18(es)19.6(po)15.5(nd)21.2(in)13.2(g)-205.6(t)0(o)-203.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-211.7(pe)20.8(ak)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.7188 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 230.797 274.167 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 238.11 274.167 Tm [(.)-205.2(A)0(l)14.9(s)0(o)20(,)-210.9(th)18.9(es)13.9(e)]TJ -18.0504 -1.0527 TD [(re)19.2(sp)14.4(on)21.2(se)13.9(s)-349.1(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-339.3(n)0(o)15.5(t)-350.3(sy)20(st)17.7(em)17.7(at)12.8(ic)-340.1(an)20.8(d)-353.6(t)0(h)18.9(e)-348.3(st)17.7(at)18.4(is)17.7(ti)16.5(ca)14.7(l)-350.3(a)0(n)20.8(a)0(l)18.4(y)0(s)14.4(i)0(s)]TJ T* [(wa)16.9(s)-491.3(b)0(a)20.8(s)0(e)13.9(d)-484.5(on)-479.5(pa)15.1(ir)17.3(ed)-479.9(co)20.8(mp)18.1(ar)13.5(is)17.7(on)-479.5(of)-481.1(t)13.9(h)0(e)-479.9(d)0(a)15.1(t)0(a)-482.3(f)0(r)18(o)0(m)-477(t)0(h)13.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(cl)18.4(ea)14.7(re)19.2(st)-210(re)19.2(sp)14.4(on)21.2(se)-208(to)-208.8(ba)15.1(se)19.6(li)16.5(ne)-212.5(in)-208.8(ea)20.4(ch)-206.8(ca)14.7(t)-219.4(\()0(t)17.3(-)0(t)17.3(e)0(s)19.6(t)0(\))17.3(.)-216.6(Fi)14(na)20.8(ll)16.5(y)73.2(,)-216.6(th)13.2(e)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(ef)24.9(fe)19.2(ct)18.4(s)-400.3(o)0(f)-390.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-399.5(up)15.5(pe)20.8(r)-400.7(a)0(i)18.5(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)15.1(s)-394.6(on)-388.5(th)13.2(e)-399.5(t)0(o)18.9(t)0(a)18.4(l)-401.5(re)19.2(sp)20(ir)17.3(at)12.8(or)19.6(y)-399.1(i)0(m)15.7(-)]TJ T* [(pe)15.1(da)20.8(nc)15.1(e)-314.2(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.824 0 TD (Z)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 101.82 221.783 Tm [(rs)24.1(,t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 111.288 221.783 Tm 0.3153 Tc [(\)w)315.3(e)332.2(r)315.3(ea)315.3(s)334.9(s)315.3(e)329.2(s)315.3(s)334.2(e)315.3(d)336.1(.)-3.8(T)315.3(h)332.4(er)315.3(a)334.5(w)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.3113 0 TD 0 Tc (Z)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 219.458 221.783 Tm [(rs)24.1(,l)22.1(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 236.013 221.783 Tm [(an)15.1(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.7413 0 TD (Z)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 258.746 221.783 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 269.291 221.783 Tm [(da)15.1(ta)]TJ -21.1802 -1.0527 TD [(po)15.5(in)18.8(ts)-369.3(we)16.9(re)-373.4(ad)15.1(de)20.8(d)-382(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(e)0(c)20.4(t)0(i)16.5(v)0(e)15.1(l)0(y)-373.8(a)0(t)-368.5(b)0(a)15.1(s)0(e)19.6(l)0(i)16.5(n)0(e)-371.8(a)0(n)15.1(d)-376.3(pe)15.1(ak)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 21.4648 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 278.079 211.294 Tm -0.0163 Tc (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 58.28 200.806 Tm 0 Tc [(re)19.2(sp)14.4(on)21.2(se)13.9(,)-319.1(a)0(c)14.7(c)0(o)15.1(r)0(d)19.6(i)0(n)18.9(g)-325.1(to)18.9(:)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 7.466 -1.4511 TD (Z)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 139.805 186.35 Tm (rs)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.7642 0 TD (;)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.2683 0 TD (t)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 152.617 186.35 Tm (\210)Tj /F23 1 Tf 1.0471 0 TD (Z)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 170.532 186.35 Tm (rs)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.756 0 TD (;)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.2764 0 TD -0.018 Tc (lo)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 186.009 186.35 Tm 0 Tc (\207)Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.9958 0 TD (Z)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 203.357 186.35 Tm 0.0001 Tc (ua)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 272.75 186.35 Tm 0 Tc (\205)Tj /F21 1 Tf 0.387 0 TD (2)Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.5008 0 TD (\206)Tj /F7 1 Tf -22.4151 -1.5023 TD [(he)15.1(nc)20.8(e:)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 7.6595 -1.4511 TD (R)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 141.789 156.926 Tm (rs)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.756 0 TD (;)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.2764 0 TD (t)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 154.545 156.926 Tm (\210)Tj /F23 1 Tf 1.0528 0 TD (R)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 172.176 156.926 Tm (rs)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.7642 0 TD (;)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.2683 0 TD (lo)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 187.654 156.926 Tm (\207)Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.9958 0 TD (R)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 204.718 156.926 Tm 0.0001 Tc (ua)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 272.75 156.926 Tm 0 Tc (\205)Tj /F21 1 Tf 0.387 0 TD (3)Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.5008 0 TD (\206)Tj /F9 1 Tf -14.9206 -1.9006 TD (X)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 140.145 137.991 Tm -0.0192 Tc (rs)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.756 0 TD 0 Tc (;)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.2683 0 TD (t)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 152.901 137.991 Tm (\210)Tj /F23 1 Tf 1.0471 0 TD (R)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 170.532 137.991 Tm (rs)Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.756 0 TD (;)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.2764 0 TD -0.018 Tc (lo)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 186.009 137.991 Tm 0 Tc (\207)Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.9958 0 TD (R)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.974 0 0 6.974 203.074 137.991 Tm 0.0001 Tc (ua)Tj /F19 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 272.75 137.991 Tm 0 Tc (\205)Tj /F21 1 Tf 0.387 0 TD (4)Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.5008 0 TD (\206)Tj /F7 1 Tf -22.4151 -1.5023 TD [(wh)17.3(er)19.2(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.7372 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 91.446 123.024 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 104.542 123.024 Tm [(is)-346.5(to)18.9(ta)18.4(l)-356(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(i)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.4(o)0(r)14(y)-353.6(re)19.2(si)17.7(st)17.7(an)15.1(ce)-343.8(an)15.1(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.5321 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 245.31 123.024 Tm [(rs)24.1(,t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 258.406 123.024 Tm -0.0137 Tc [(is)-374.2(to)-13.7(ta)-13.7(l)]TJ -20.0876 -1.0528 TD 0 Tc [(re)19.2(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.5(or)19.6(y)-325.1(r)0(e)13.5(a)0(c)20.4(t)0(a)18.4(n)0(c)15.1(e)0(.)]TJ 26.1993 66.1583 TD [(Eq)17.1(ua)15.1(ti)16.5(on)-399.9(1)-416.2(w)0(a)16.9(s)-411.7(fi)17.3(na)15.1(l)13.9(l)0(y)-407.9(a)0(p)20.8(p)0(l)18.9(i)0(e)12.8(d)-410.5(to)-402.3(de)15.1(ri)17.3(ve)-400.3(a)-416.6(s)0(e)19.6(t)-412.9(of)-407.2(co)20.8(-)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(ef)24.9(fi)17.3(ci)18.4(en)15.1(ts)-255.5(de)20.8(sc)13.9(ri)17.3(bi)18.9(ng)-251.9(fl)17.3(ow)-255.8(an)15.1(d)-262.5(v)0(o)15.5(l)13.9(um)12.4(e)-262.9(d)0(e)20.8(p)0(e)15.1(n)0(d)15.5(e)0(n)20.8(c)0(e)-252.7(o)0(f)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 21.0095 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 524.523 761.216 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 533.99 761.216 Tm (.)Tj -22.5516 -1.0528 TD [(Th)17.1(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.0258 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 335.452 750.727 Tm [(rs)24.1(,l)22.1(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 353.877 750.727 Tm [(an)20.8(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 1.9177 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 378.935 750.727 Tm [(rs)24.1(,t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 393.449 750.727 Tm [(pa)15.1(ra)19.2(me)17.7(te)18.5(rs)-493.7(in)-493.3(ea)14.7(ch)-491.3(co)20.8(nd)15.5(it)16.5(io)18.8(n)-501.5(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)]TJ -8.4448 -1.0471 TD [(co)15.1(mp)18.1(ar)13.5(ed)-491.3(us)20(in)13.2(g)-501.5(p)0(a)20.8(i)0(r)17.3(e)0(d)-491.3(t)0(-)11.6(t)13.9(es)13.9(ts)17.7(.)-501.1(D)0(a)16.9(t)0(a)-493.7(w)0(e)16.9(r)0(e)-492.9(e)0(x)15.1(p)0(r)19.6(e)0(s)19.6(s)0(e)13.9(d)-501.5(as)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(me)12(an)20.8(\213)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 335.679 729.808 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(SE)18(M)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 349.738 729.808 Tm 0 Tc [(,)-319.1(u)0(n)15.5(l)0(e)18.4(s)0(s)-316.9(o)0(t)18.9(h)0(e)15.1(r)0(w)15.7(i)0(s)17.7(e)-319.8(in)13.2(di)18.9(ca)20.4(te)12.8(d.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 5.8044 -3.2834 TD [(Res)-7.8(ults)]TJ /F7 1 Tf -8.8602 -2.0998 TD [(In)-486.8(on)15.5(e)-490.6(a)0(n)15.1(i)0(m)15.7(a)0(l)18.4(,)-489.8(no)-485.2(up)15.5(pe)20.8(r)-497.4(a)0(i)18.5(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)20.8(s)-497(re)19.2(sp)20(on)15.5(se)-481.1(co)15.1(ul)18.8(d)-495.8(b)0(e)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(de)15.1(te)18.4(ct)18.5(ed)-314.9(an)15.1(d)-325.1(t)0(h)18.9(e)-325.5(da)20.8(ta)-317.3(ar)19.2(e)-325.5(t)0(h)18.8(u)0(s)-315.7(r)0(e)13.5(p)0(o)21.2(r)0(t)17.3(e)0(d)-314.9(f)0(o)13.9(r)-321(si)17.7(x)-325.1(c)0(a)14.7(t)0(s)17.7(.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -3.2835 TD [(Bas)-7.6(eline)]TJ 0 -2.0998 TD [(Res)-8(istances.)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 5.2125 0 TD [(An)-324.1(ex)15.1(am)17.7(pl)18.9(e)-331.2(o)0(f)-321.8(t)0(h)18.9(e)-331.2(ti)22.2(me)-323.7(co)15.1(ur)19.6(se)-321.8(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.8963 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 505.644 612.113 Tm -0.0156 Tc [(rs)-15.6(,lo)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 522.312 612.113 Tm 0 Tc [(an)15.1(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -21.3794 -1.0471 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 315.269 601.682 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 324.964 601.682 Tm [(is)-227(il)16.5(lu)18.9(st)17.7(ra)13.5(te)18.4(d)-234.1(i)0(n)-225.8(f)0(i)17.3(g)0(u)15.5(r)0(e)-225.5(2)0(.)-234.5(The)-245.8(mean)-251.7(data)-250.9(for)-244.5(resi)-8.6(stances)]TJ -1.5706 -1.0527 TD [(and)-435.2(respec)-8.6(tive)-429.3(p)-6.5(arameters)-439.5(deriv)-8.2(ed)-428.7(from)-436.2(equation)-438.5(1)-427.6(are)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(report)-10.6(ed)-223.9(in)-220.2(tabl)-8.2(e)-223.1(1)0(.)-217.4(P)0(e)-6.8(riodic)-227.6(variation)-10.7(s)-223.9(o)0(f)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.3148 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 477.921 580.762 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 493.852 580.762 Tm [(were)-225.6(small)]TJ -18.5227 -1.0015 TD [(\(fig)-8.6(.)-216.6(2a\))-220.5(and)-224.6(mainly)-223.4(related)-229.2(to)-220.1(flow)-221.5(\(fig.)-225.2(3a\),)-220.9(also)-223.3(reflected)]TJ T* [(in)-225.8(the)-221.3(value)-223.2(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.8328 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6715 0 TD (2)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 379.105 560.806 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 394.979 560.806 Tm [(\(tabl)-10.6(e)-217.4(1\).)-225.4(The)-217.4(cha)-8.8(nge)-218.9(related)-229.1(to)-220.2(tidal)]TJ -8.5984 -1.0015 TD [(volum)-9.3(e)-456.4(was)-463.1(negli)-9(gible)-458.5(\(fig)-8.6(.)-455.6(3b\),)-465.2(amounted)-467.7(to)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 19.6438 0 TD (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(3%)-459.1(of)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 k /GS3 gs q 218.9693 0 0 345.796 314.427 182.9573 cm /Im1 Do Q 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0 0 K 0 J 0 j 0.475 w 3.864 M []0 d 1 i 321.907 190.594 22.562 -8.55 re B 326.419 216.244 16.387 -6.412 re B 321.432 530.693 28.975 -23.75 re B 315.668 513.118 8.312 -47.262 re B 313.594 452.793 12.587 -50.587 re B 333.75 506.231 8.55 -49.4 re B 339.482 509.556 3.8 -30.4 re B 340.432 471.081 2.138 -5.7 re B 340.875 477.54 1.9 -4.275 re B 341.144 481.056 1.9 -3.563 re B 340.432 466.806 31.825 -4.037 re B 371.069 466.537 55.812 -4.275 re B 431.394 530.218 9.025 -9.975 re B 441.607 523.568 11.4 -9.262 re B 441.369 518.343 10.687 -40.375 re B 444.219 468.231 9.5 -7.125 re B 449.777 479.631 1.663 -12.587 re B 449.175 466.71 84.787 -7.838 re B 442.319 406.243 91.2 -10.688 re B 439.944 423.106 15.2 -19.95 re B 446.357 432.606 7.6 -13.775 re B 439.707 442.343 9.975 -13.062 re B 437.332 459.443 17.813 -15.675 re B 448.416 445.193 2.375 -14.25 re B 437.87 395.556 12.113 -36.812 re B 431.394 368.481 11.162 -9.975 re B 448.732 395.081 2.85 -10.45 re B 449.745 378.218 9.737 -2.85 re B 460.607 378.694 1.663 -2.375 re B 462.032 379.643 12.113 -3.325 re B 473.669 378.456 2.137 -1.663 re B 477.437 377.949 8.075 -1.662 re B 484.832 377.981 1.187 -2.85 re B 487.444 377.981 1.425 -1.425 re B 488.631 378.456 12.587 -1.9 re B 500.269 378.694 2.137 -1.9 re B 504.544 377.744 7.6 -2.375 re B 514.044 377.506 7.362 -1.9 re B 521.406 378.218 10.688 -1.9 re B 427.832 353.044 12.113 -12.825 re B 438.757 345.206 11.162 -44.65 re B 442.557 291.294 10.925 -9.262 re B 447.37 301.744 1.9 -11.875 re B 448.732 289.394 30.875 -8.312 re B 475.806 285.941 57.475 -7.6 re B 436.857 281.081 16.625 -19 re B 441.369 228.119 92.387 -14.487 re B 439.232 243.794 12.112 -15.437 re B 438.313 264.931 10.45 -24.937 re B 434.482 217.194 17.1 -7.837 re B 440.894 197.719 10.213 -14.25 re B 431.805 190.594 15.437 -13.775 re B 442.557 203.657 5.225 -9.5 re B 447.196 211.494 1.663 -16.625 re B 447.639 200.236 9.737 -4.512 re B 458.707 200.332 12.35 -2.137 re B 470.582 200.332 3.088 -1.9 re B 476.282 199.856 8.075 -2.137 re B 475.569 199.856 1.187 -1.662 re B 485.544 200.094 2.85 -2.138 re B 488.156 200.569 9.975 -2.138 re B 498.131 200.094 2.138 -1.425 re B 501.931 199.144 8.312 -1.425 re B 511.906 199.144 6.175 -1.187 re B 517.369 199.382 8.55 -1.187 re B 525.681 199.619 4.037 -1.425 re B 311.457 216.956 12.112 -31.825 re B 349.219 192.257 23.275 -11.637 re B 346.844 186.557 11.162 -7.362 re B 334.511 212.444 6.175 -24.7 re B 341.144 201.044 7.838 -2.375 re B 350.644 200.807 13.3 -1.663 re B 366.557 200.601 9.025 -1.9 re B 377.007 200.569 12.825 -1.425 re B 393.394 200.569 8.075 -1.662 re B 402.894 200.807 11.4 -2.375 re B 313.357 272.294 10.687 -49.637 re B 334.019 227.406 95.712 -13.3 re B 326.926 282.269 13.538 -56.05 re B 331.644 290.344 72.912 -10.212 re B 406.219 288.206 18.762 -6.65 re B 312.645 336.181 10.925 -47.737 re B 319.532 354.231 10.45 -13.3 re B 330.251 345.206 10.925 -62.462 re B 338.532 343.781 9.5 -6.413 re B 335.207 407.668 95.475 -13.775 re B 314.307 395.794 9.737 -37.525 re B 323.158 397.219 18.762 -37.287 re B 343.044 380.356 7.837 -4.037 re B 352.782 379.169 13.538 -2.138 re B 369.644 378.931 7.838 -2.375 re B 365.607 378.931 1.662 -1.187 re B 378.907 378.931 14.725 -1.662 re B 396.244 378.931 8.312 -1.662 re B 406.219 379.406 13.3 -2.375 re B 421.657 378.694 4.275 -2.613 re B 327.132 460.631 20.662 -14.962 re B 333.782 449.231 10.688 -25.65 re B 330.932 442.106 6.888 -9.737 re B 332.215 424.293 10.213 -19.95 re B 513.569 200.569 20.425 -2.612 re B 331.534 280.369 9.025 -54.625 re B 444.52 264.694 4.275 -24.225 re B BT /F14 1 Tf 9.5 0 0 9.5 315.257 526.893 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (a\))Tj /F16 1 Tf 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.094 220.756 Tm (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 7.6 -7.6 0 323.094 226.38 Tm [(rs)15(,lo)]TJ 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.094 238.039 Tm [( hP)40(a\341s)]TJ 0 7.6 -7.6 0 320.94 259.746 Tm (-1)Tj 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.094 265.287 Tm (\341L)Tj 0 7.6 -7.6 0 320.94 271.785 Tm (-1)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K /GS3 gs 340.432 287.019 m 340.432 341.643 l 340.432 286.544 m 421.657 286.544 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 327.62 338.84 Tm /GS4 gs (30)Tj ET /GS3 gs 337.107 342.119 m 340.432 342.119 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 327.62 320.077 Tm /GS4 gs (20)Tj ET /GS3 gs 337.107 323.356 m 340.432 323.356 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 327.62 302.123 Tm /GS4 gs (10)Tj ET /GS3 gs 337.107 305.402 m 340.432 305.402 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 327.62 283.36 Tm /GS4 gs ( 0)Tj ET /GS3 gs 337.107 286.639 m 340.432 286.639 l 339.957 223.369 m 339.957 277.455 l 339.957 222.894 m 421.182 222.894 l 336.632 277.661 m 339.957 277.661 l 336.632 259.437 m 339.957 259.437 l 336.632 240.944 m 339.957 240.944 l 336.632 222.989 m 339.957 222.989 l 342.063 465.618 m 342.063 520.243 l 342.063 465.412 m 423.287 465.412 l 338.738 520.718 m 342.063 520.718 l 338.738 501.956 m 342.063 501.956 l 338.738 484.001 m 342.063 484.001 l 338.738 465.508 m 342.063 465.508 l 341.588 401.968 m 341.588 456.055 l 341.588 401.493 m 422.812 401.493 l 338.263 456.26 m 341.588 456.26 l 338.263 438.037 m 341.588 438.037 l 338.263 419.543 m 341.588 419.543 l 338.263 401.589 m 341.588 401.589 l 339.482 186.082 m 339.482 213.33 l 336.157 213.536 m 339.482 213.536 l 336.157 185.986 m 339.482 185.986 l 336.157 199.621 m 339.482 199.621 l 341.382 364.919 m 341.382 392.167 l 338.057 392.373 m 341.382 392.373 l 338.057 364.823 m 341.382 364.823 l 341.651 378.694 m 422.876 378.694 l 338.057 378.458 m 341.382 378.458 l S BT /F16 1 Tf 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.569 469.181 Tm /GS4 gs (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 7.6 -7.6 0 323.569 474.805 Tm (ua)Tj 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.569 481.736 Tm [( hP)40(a\341s)]TJ 0 7.6 -7.6 0 321.415 503.443 Tm (-1)Tj 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.569 508.984 Tm (\341L)Tj 0 7.6 -7.6 0 321.415 515.482 Tm (-1)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0.009 8.55 -8.55 -0.009 322.141 188.67 Tm (V)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.009 2.85 -2.85 -0.009 322.146 193.347 Tm ( )Tj 0.009 8.55 -8.55 -0.009 322.148 193.997 Tm (' mL\341s)Tj 0.009 6.65 -6.65 -0.009 320.017 214.432 Tm (-1)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.569 400.781 Tm (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 7.6 -7.6 0 323.569 406.405 Tm [(rs)15(,lo)]TJ 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.569 418.063 Tm [( hP)40(a\341s)]TJ 0 7.6 -7.6 0 321.415 439.771 Tm (-1)Tj 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.569 445.311 Tm (\341L)Tj 0 7.6 -7.6 0 321.415 451.809 Tm (-1)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.094 290.106 Tm (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 7.6 -7.6 0 323.094 295.73 Tm (ua)Tj 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.094 302.661 Tm [( hP)40(a\341s)]TJ 0 7.6 -7.6 0 320.94 324.369 Tm (-1)Tj 0 9.5 -9.5 0 323.094 329.909 Tm (\341L)Tj 0 7.6 -7.6 0 320.94 336.407 Tm (-1)Tj ET /GS3 gs 339.751 199.587 m 420.976 199.587 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 326.876 256.158 Tm /GS4 gs (80)Tj 0 -1.9467 TD (40)Tj 0 -1.89 TD ( 0)Tj -0.438 5.7351 TD (120)Tj 0.1783 12.075 TD (100)Tj -0.2835 -2.9 TD (-100)Tj 0.9215 1.4551 TD ( 0)Tj -0.235 6.2714 TD (80)Tj 0 -1.9466 TD (40)Tj 0 -1.89 TD ( 0)Tj -0.438 5.7351 TD (120)Tj 0.5164 6.8049 TD (30)Tj 0 -1.975 TD (20)Tj 0 -1.89 TD (10)Tj 0 -1.9466 TD ( 0)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0.009 8.55 -8.55 -0.009 323.091 365.845 Tm (V)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.009 2.85 -2.85 -0.009 323.096 370.522 Tm ( )Tj 0.009 8.55 -8.55 -0.009 323.098 371.172 Tm (' mL\341s)Tj 0.009 6.65 -6.65 -0.009 320.967 391.606 Tm (-1)Tj 9.5 0 0 9.5 315.463 349.386 Tm (c\))Tj ET /GS3 gs 369.882 175.939 m 369.882 177.839 l 390.307 177.839 l 390.307 175.939 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 375.463 179.454 Tm /GS4 gs (2 s)Tj ET /GS3 gs 450.837 465.143 m 450.837 519.768 l 450.837 464.937 m 532.062 464.937 l 447.512 520.243 m 450.837 520.243 l 447.512 501.481 m 450.837 501.481 l 447.512 483.526 m 450.837 483.526 l 447.512 465.033 m 450.837 465.033 l 450.362 401.493 m 450.362 455.58 l 450.362 401.018 m 531.587 401.018 l 447.037 455.785 m 450.362 455.785 l 447.037 437.561 m 450.362 437.561 l 447.037 419.068 m 450.362 419.068 l 447.037 401.114 m 450.362 401.114 l 447.987 185.337 m 447.987 212.586 l 444.662 212.792 m 447.987 212.792 l 444.662 185.242 m 447.987 185.242 l 444.662 198.877 m 447.987 198.877 l 448.257 198.843 m 529.481 198.843 l 478.387 175.195 m 478.387 177.095 l 498.812 177.095 l 498.812 175.195 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 483.968 178.71 Tm /GS4 gs (2 s)Tj ET /GS3 gs 448.193 222.894 m 448.193 276.98 l 448.193 222.419 m 529.418 222.419 l 444.868 277.186 m 448.193 277.186 l 444.868 258.962 m 448.193 258.962 l 444.868 240.469 m 448.193 240.469 l 444.868 222.514 m 448.193 222.514 l 448.937 286.544 m 448.937 341.169 l 448.937 286.069 m 530.162 286.069 l 445.612 341.643 m 448.937 341.643 l 445.612 322.881 m 448.937 322.881 l 445.612 304.927 m 448.937 304.927 l 445.612 286.164 m 448.937 286.164 l 449.887 364.444 m 449.887 391.692 l 446.562 391.898 m 449.887 391.898 l 446.562 364.348 m 449.887 364.348 l 450.157 378.218 m 531.381 378.218 l 446.562 377.983 m 449.887 377.983 l S BT 9.5 0 0 9.5 434.535 526.418 Tm /GS4 gs (b\))Tj 0.0216 -18.685 TD (d\))Tj -11.8889 -14.6149 TD (100)Tj -0.2835 -2.9 TD (-100)Tj 0.9215 1.4551 TD ( 0)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0 0 K /GS3 gs 340.432 279.181 4.275 -19 re B 340.432 262.319 1.187 -6.887 re B 341.208 343.069 2.138 -23.987 re B 450.426 377.474 2.85 -13.063 re B BT /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 308.976 163.389 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs [(Fig.)-327.1(2.)-331.2(\261)-332.2(Example)-472.3(of)-486.8(tracings)-478.1(of)-479.7(upper)-479.5(airways)-473.2(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.621 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 478.091 163.389 Tm (ua)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 484.101 163.389 Tm [(\))-481.8(and)-476.4(lower)-484.3(re-)]TJ -21.9725 -1.0599 TD [(spiratory)-320.7(system)-318.7(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.2127 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 371.282 154.942 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 382.337 154.942 Tm [(\))-325.3(resistance)-316.6(and)-319.9(flow)-323.9(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.055 0 TD (V)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.7753 0 TD (')Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2134 0 TD [(\))-325.3(a)0(t)-324.4(baseline)-320.4(\(a\),)-326.3(1)-325.1(min)]TJ -19.2481 -1.067 TD [(\(b\),)-327.3(2)-325.1(min)-330.7(\(c\))-327.4(and)-319.9(4)-332.2(min)-323.6(\(d\))-328.4(after)-324.5(methacholine)-319.6(\(Mch\))-322.2(2.5)-329.1(mg)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 25.1449 0.249 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2703 -0.249 TD (mL)Tj 5.977 0 0 5.313 522.482 150.009 Tm (-1)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 530.022 146.438 Tm (in)Tj -27.7341 -1.0599 TD [(one)-469.3(cat.)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.7771 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 343.842 137.991 Tm (ua)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 353.594 137.991 Tm [(shows)-471(marked)-469.5(flow)-473.3(dependenc)15.9(e)-473.5(i)0(n)-474.8(all)-474(conditions.)-468.9(The)]TJ -5.598 -1.067 TD [(periodic)-363.1(variations)-369.6(shown)-363.1(by)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 12.1919 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 410.967 129.487 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 424.97 129.487 Tm [(after)-367.2(Mch)-368.8(\(b)-365.9(to)-368.1(d\))-373(are)-368.9(less)-365.2(clearly)]TJ -14.5535 -1.0599 TD [(related)-300.2(to)-304.1(flow)60.2(.)-304.8(Note)-301.3(diff)12.8(erent)-303(scales)-302.1(for)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.3531 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 444.132 121.039 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 457.568 121.039 Tm (and)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.7427 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 476.277 121.039 Tm (ua)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 484.668 121.039 Tm 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351.042 479.282 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 364.082 479.282 Tm [(was)-337.9(lower)-342.2(in)-334(inspirat)-10.7(ion)-334.7(than)-335.9(in)-334(expir)-8.2(ation)]TJ -5.4971 -0.9958 TD (\(p)Tj /F8 1 Tf 0.8251 0 TD (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.5577 0 TD (0.05\).)Tj /F3 1 Tf -1.3828 -2.9534 TD [(Meth)-8.2(acholi)-9.7(ne)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.0015 -1.8494 TD [(Al)14.9(th)18.9(ou)15.5(gh)-303.1(br)19.6(ea)14.7(th)18.8(in)18.9(g)-313.8(p)0(a)15.1(t)13.9(te)12.8(rn)-299(wa)11.2(s)-309.2(f)0(r)18(e)0(q)15.1(u)0(e)20.8(n)0(t)13.2(l)13.9(y)-313.8(a)0(l)18.5(t)0(e)12.8(r)0(e)19.2(d)-313.7(af)19.2(te)18.4(r)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(Mc)13.2(h)-171.5(i)0(n)13.2(h)0(a)20.8(l)0(a)18.4(t)0(i)16.5(o)0(n)15.5(,)-171.1(th)13.2(er)19.2(e)-177.6(w)12.4(as)-168.2(no)-166.6(st)17.7(at)18.5(is)17.7(ti)16.5(ca)14.7(l)13.9(l)0(y)-168.9(s)0(i)17.7(g)0(n)15.5(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)18.4(a)0(n)20.8(t)-179.6(ch)20.8(an)15.1(ge)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(in)-299.8(re)19.2(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.4(or)19.6(y)-308.1(r)0(a)19.2(t)0(e)-300.2(\()0(2)19.6(3)0(\213)16.7(1)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.9357 0 TD [(ve)20.4(rs)13.2(us)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 2.7884 0 TD [(22)15.5(\213)11.8(2)-308.1(br)19.6(ea)14.7(th)18.9(s)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 5.1101 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD [(mi)15.7(n)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 504.794 405.014 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 510.746 400.592 Tm [(\),)-298.6(ti)16.5(da)20.8(l)]TJ -20.2185 -1.0528 TD [(vo)15.5(lu)18.9(me)-272.5(\(5)19.6(0\213)16.7(3)-279.6(m)0(L)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.466 0 TD [(ve)20.4(rs)18.8(us)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 2.7599 0 TD [(50)15.5(\213)11.8(4)-279.6(mL)14(\))-275.5(o)0(r)-270.6(v)0(e)20.8(n)0(t)13.2(i)13.9(la)12.8(ti)16.5(on)-263.3(\(1)14(03)21.2(1\213)]TJ -10.2259 -1.0471 TD [(10)15.5(3)-325.1(m)0(L)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 3.1639 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2731 -0.1992 TD [(mi)15.7(n)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 358.639 384.094 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 367.937 379.672 Tm [(ve)20.4(rs)13.2(us)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 2.8054 0 TD [(10)15.5(18)15.5(\213)11.8(1)39.1(13)-314.5(mL)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 5.6336 0.1992 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2675 -0.1992 TD [(mi)15.7(n)]TJ 7.472 0 0 6.641 469.757 384.094 Tm (-1)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 475.767 379.672 Tm (\).)Tj /F3 1 Tf -16.7075 -1.9519 TD [(Res)-8(istances.)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 5.1272 0 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-240.2(p)0(e)15.1(a)0(k)-229.6(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(o)0(n)15.5(s)0(e)-230.7(t)0(o)-231.5(M)0(c)13.2(h)-239.8(in)18.8(ha)15.1(la)18.4(ti)16.5(on)-229.2(co)15.1(ns)20(is)17.7(t-)]TJ -5.1272 -1.0527 TD [(ed)-240.9(of)-242.1(a)-251.6(l)0(a)18.4(r)20.4(ge)-240.9(in)13.2(cr)19.2(ea)20.4(se)-242.1(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.526 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 410.116 349.738 Tm [(rs)17(,l)22.1(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 426.047 349.738 Tm [(as)13.9(so)20(ci)18.5(at)18.4(ed)-240.9(wi)14.9(th)-242.9(a)-245.9(m)0(a)12(r)0(k)19.6(e)0(d)-240.9(a)0(l)18.4(-)]TJ -11.7168 -1.0471 TD [(te)12.8(ra)19.2(ti)16.5(on)-109.6(in)-112(i)13.9(t)0(s)-113.2(p)0(a)15.1(t)13.9(te)12.8(rn)-105.6(of)-111.2(wi)14.9(th)18.8(in)18.9(-b)13.9(re)19.2(at)18.4(h)-120.3(v)0(a)15.1(r)0(i)17.3(a)0(t)18.4(i)0(o)18.9(n)0(s)-110.8(\()0(f)18(i)0(g)18.9(.)-119.9(2b)-109.6(to)-129.1(d\).)]TJ ET 1 i 58.28 758.834 478.205 -0.51 re f 183.345 743.867 279.439 -0.284 re f 58.28 717.959 478.205 -0.454 re f 58.28 682.639 478.205 -0.51 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 772.667 Tm [(Table)-331.9(1.)-336.7(\261)-333.2(Resistance)-354.4(and)-354.6(coefficients)-355.7(of)-355.7(within-breath)-356.8(variations)-351.2(for)-357.8(the)-353.8(lower)-352.1(respiratory)-358.5(system)-355.8(at)-349.4(baseline)-356.8(and)-354.6(peak)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(upper)-335.8(airways)-332.1(response)-332.9(to)-330.4(methacholine)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 27.3909 -1.7072 TD (Inspiration)Tj 21.2703 -0.6133 TD (Expiration)Tj /F3 1 Tf -33.1194 -1.0559 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 203.074 732.926 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 190.261 723.458 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4859 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 217.304 727.427 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 268.838 732.926 Tm (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD (1)Tj 7.173 0 0 7.173 279.269 732.926 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 263.962 723.458 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4859 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 291.061 727.427 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 344.806 732.926 Tm (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD (2)Tj 7.173 0 0 7.173 355.238 732.926 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 338.23 723.458 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 357.449 727.427 Tm (2)Tj /F9 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 360.85 725.442 Tm (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 368.674 727.427 Tm (-2)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 424.46 732.926 Tm (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD (3)Tj 7.173 0 0 7.173 434.891 732.926 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 419.584 723.458 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4859 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 446.627 727.427 Tm (-2)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 504.397 732.926 Tm (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 509.783 732.926 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 496.97 723.458 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 524.069 727.427 Tm (-1)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 705.543 Tm [(Lower)-333.8(respiratory)-337.9(system)]TJ 0.6639 -1.0559 TD [(Baseline)-10198.4(20.6\2132.8)-4685(16.2\2133.2)-4710.3(1)32.1(19.8\21316.6)-5006.9(15.7\21320.0)-4178.6(20.7\2133.2)]TJ T* [(Methacholine)-8157.4(61.3\21316.6*)-3684.9(49.0\21313.0*)-3678.6(376.6\213141.2)-3678.1(-355.6\213130.9)-3684.9(59.9\21316.9*)]TJ -0.6639 -1.9475 TD [(Data)-249.8(are)-245.6(presented)-252.2(as)-246.6(mean\213)]TJ 6.276 0 0 6.276 160.044 669.146 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SEM)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 172.857 669.146 Tm 0 Tc (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.4932 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.607 0 TD [(:)-248.5(resistance;)]TJ 7.173 0 0 7.173 226.828 669.146 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 239.244 669.146 Tm [(:)-248.5(lower)-250.5(respiratory)-249.4(system;)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.7995 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD [(1:)-248(resistance)-255(at)-247.7(zero)-245.1(flow)-251.2(and)-244.9(constant)-248(volume;)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.836 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6702 0 TD [(2)-246.1(and)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -51.1523 -1.0559 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD [(3:)-336.5(respectively)-337.4(coefficients)-325.7(of)-328.7(flow)-333.4(and)-333.4(volume)-336.1(dependence)-328.9(as)-335.1(described)-340.7(in)-330.2(equation)-335.4(1.)-331.2(*:)-336.5(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 37.3368 0 TD (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.05)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0866 0 TD (versus)Tj /F7 1 Tf 2.858 0 TD (control.)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 k /GS3 gs q 248.9868 0 0 402.8613 56.542 176.5733 cm /Im2 Do Q 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0 0 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 3.864 M []0 d 55.524 581.52 45 -178.499 re B 93.67 410.167 196.82 -41.765 re B 286.022 519.694 14.94 -58.349 re B 253.669 462.988 21.527 -11.762 re B 270.022 467.933 10.826 -12.944 re B 275.197 477.699 9.413 -16 re B 279.435 488.754 10.703 -21.174 re B 109.67 559.341 11.885 -62.94 re B 120.142 550.051 5.881 -20.591 re B 125.317 548.286 6.587 -10.826 re B 131.198 554.873 6.71 -8.707 re B 137.202 558.051 8.353 -8.706 re B 144.142 563.932 20.468 -11.179 re B 179.904 560.754 3.178 -41.766 re B 180.257 486.052 2.472 -19.532 re B 180.257 450.874 3.179 -13.881 re B 181.122 513.844 1.126 -2.327 re B 181.047 511.592 0.901 -2.745 re B 181.272 503.292 0.751 -1.92 re B 181.422 501.372 0.525 -1.952 re B 180.597 503.067 1.126 -1.394 re B 181.122 495.067 1.426 -2.22 re B 180.897 486.767 0.676 -0.643 re B 180.521 436.998 2.027 -4.429 re B 181.422 432.644 0.826 -2.102 re B 180.972 432.343 0.826 -0.601 re B 180.747 417.019 2.627 -7.324 re B 180.221 416.268 2.778 -7.399 re B 55.024 382.521 43.5 -105 re B 52.024 284.521 46.5 -75 re B 95.523 215.521 119.999 -21.5 re B 144.023 193.022 90 -18.5 re B 213.523 215.021 36 -11.5 re B 237.863 205.027 12.162 -6.508 re B 248.581 213.879 27.15 -2.558 re B 275.144 214.737 7.041 -4.536 re B 273.487 207.697 11.256 -9.924 re B 102.023 283.271 13.25 -8.75 re B 113.523 279.771 9.25 -8.5 re B 121.523 277.521 7.25 -8.25 re B 127.273 274.521 17.25 -10 re B 119.023 269.521 14 -11.5 re B 125.273 353.271 10.25 -10.75 re B 132.273 337.021 16 -9.75 re B 101.523 345.271 15.75 -9.75 re B 115.023 339.771 19.25 -7.75 re B BT /F14 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 277.835 200.363 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (50)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K /GS3 gs 96.836 217.362 m 96.836 360.862 l 92.336 360.862 m 96.836 360.862 l 92.336 331.862 m 96.836 331.862 l 92.336 304.279 m 96.836 304.279 l 92.336 274.996 m 96.836 274.996 l 92.336 246.28 m 96.836 246.28 l 92.336 217.563 m 96.836 217.563 l 104.336 214.362 m 281.335 214.362 l 138.836 210.862 m 138.836 214.362 l 174.336 210.862 m 174.336 214.362 l 209.836 210.862 m 209.836 214.362 l 246.335 210.862 m 246.335 214.362 l 281.335 210.862 m 281.335 214.362 l 104.336 210.862 m 104.336 214.362 l S BT 10 0 0 10 102.336 200.363 Tm /GS4 gs 13.544 Tc [(04)13544(0)]TJ 3.2 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-2688(20)-2638(30)]TJ 2.7 -1.2985 TD [(Tidal v)25(olume mL)]TJ ET /GS3 gs 104.336 407.145 m 283.603 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 163.32 376.475 Tm /GS4 gs [(Tidal flo)15(w mL\341s)]TJ 8 0 0 8 220.13 378.743 Tm (-1)Tj ET /GS3 gs 96.836 412.129 m 96.836 558.747 l 92.336 559.031 m 96.836 559.031 l 92.336 529.747 m 96.836 529.747 l 92.336 501.031 m 96.836 501.031 l 92.336 470.33 m 96.836 470.33 l 92.336 441.614 m 96.836 441.614 l 92.336 412.331 m 96.836 412.331 l S BT 10 0 0 10 280.103 393.145 Tm /GS4 gs (80)Tj ET /GS3 gs 283.603 403.645 m 283.603 407.145 l S BT /F16 1 Tf 0 10 -10 0 73.073 231.362 Tm /GS4 gs (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 8 -8 0 73.073 237.282 Tm [(rs)15(,lo)]TJ 0 10 -10 0 73.073 249.554 Tm ( - \()Tj /F16 1 Tf 1.002 0 TD (K)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.547 0 TD (2)Tj 0 8 -8 0 73.073 269.604 Tm [(rs)15(,lo)]TJ 0 10 -10 0 73.073 281.876 Tm ( )Tj /F27 1 Tf 0.228 0 TD (\264 )Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.799 0 TD (|)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0.213 0 TD (V)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 4 -4 0 73.073 299.746 Tm ( )Tj 0 10 -10 0 73.073 300.658 Tm [('|\) hP)40(a\341s\341L)]TJ 0 8 -8 0 70.805 339.057 Tm (-1)Tj 10 0 0 10 65.073 357.862 Tm (b\))Tj /F16 1 Tf 0 10 -10 0 75.908 457.531 Tm (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0 8 -8 0 75.908 463.451 Tm [(rs)15(,lo)]TJ 0 10 -10 0 75.908 475.723 Tm [( hP)40(a\341s\341L)]TJ 0 8 -8 0 73.64 507.693 Tm (-1)Tj 10 0 0 10 68.192 555.747 Tm (a\))Tj ET /GS3 gs 234.335 403.645 m 234.335 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 230.335 393.145 Tm /GS4 gs (40)Tj ET /GS3 gs 259.835 403.645 m 259.835 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 255.835 393.145 Tm /GS4 gs (60)Tj ET /GS3 gs 208.336 403.645 m 208.336 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 204.336 393.145 Tm /GS4 gs (20)Tj ET /GS3 gs 182.052 403.645 m 182.052 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 178.052 393.145 Tm /GS4 gs ( 0)Tj ET /GS3 gs 104.336 403.645 m 104.336 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 97.769 393.362 Tm /GS4 gs (-60)Tj ET /GS3 gs 131.336 403.645 m 131.336 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 124.769 393.362 Tm /GS4 gs (-40)Tj ET /GS3 gs 156.635 403.645 m 156.635 407.145 l S BT 10 0 0 10 150.068 393.362 Tm /GS4 gs (-20)Tj ET /GS3 gs 153.836 558.861 m 116.336 555.361 114.836 504.361 v S 153.545 558.835 m 153.393 560.579 l 157.904 559.217 l 153.698 557.092 l 153.545 558.835 l f* BT 10 0 0 10 111.836 544.861 Tm /GS4 gs (E)Tj -3.5016 -18.6933 TD -0.0087 Tc (120)Tj 0 -2.9 TD (100)Tj 0 -2.7583 TD ( 80)Tj 0 -2.9284 TD ( 60)Tj 0 -2.8716 TD ( 40)Tj T* ( 20)Tj 0 34.1469 TD (120)Tj 0 -2.9284 TD (100)Tj 0 -2.8716 TD ( 80)Tj 0 -3.0701 TD ( 60)Tj 0 -2.8716 TD ( 40)Tj 0 -2.9284 TD ( 20)Tj ET /GS3 gs 137.336 332.862 m 104.336 343.862 l S 137.059 332.952 m 137.599 334.616 l 141.219 331.6 l 136.518 331.288 l 137.059 332.952 l f* 112.336 279.862 m 143.836 269.362 l S 112.613 279.772 m 112.073 278.108 l 108.453 281.124 l 113.154 281.436 l 112.613 279.772 l f* BT 10 0 0 10 121.836 261.862 Tm /GS4 gs 0 Tc (E)Tj 0.55 8.0799 TD (I)Tj ET [4 4 ]0 d /GS3 gs 181.836 407.362 m 181.836 559.01 l S []0 d 260.016 460.361 m 286.516 467.361 286.516 515.861 v S 260.298 460.437 m 260.751 458.746 l 256.072 459.304 l 259.845 462.127 l 260.298 460.437 l f* BT 10 0 0 10 286.181 479.578 Tm /GS4 gs (I)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 58.28 171.95 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs [(Fig.)-327.1(3.)-331.2(\261)-332.2(Lower)-335.3(respiratory)-337(system)-340(resistance)-337.9(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.9565 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 214.186 171.95 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 225.241 171.95 Tm [(\))-339.5(i)0(n)-346.8(one)-334.1(cat)-342.6(before)]TJ -20.9482 -1.067 TD (\()Tj /F25 1 Tf 0.3201 0 TD (s)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.8322 0 TD [(\))-261.3(and)-255.9(after)-260.5(\()]TJ /F4 1 Tf 4.6449 0 TD (*)Tj /F7 1 Tf 1.003 0 TD [(\))-261.3(methacholin)11.6(e)-260.1(\(Mch;)-260.4(2.5)-257.9(mg)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 11.6086 0.249 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2703 -0.249 TD (mL)Tj 5.977 0 0 5.313 218.041 167.017 Tm (-1)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 222.973 163.446 Tm [(\))-261.3(are)-262.2(plotted)-254.6(against)]TJ -20.6637 -1.0599 TD [(tidal)-244.6(flow)-252.8(\(a\))-249.1(and)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.0633 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 119.395 154.998 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 132.435 154.998 Tm 0.247 Tc (-\()Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8891 0 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6686 0 TD (2)Tj 6.376 0 0 6.376 148.819 154.998 Tm (rs,lo)Tj /F10 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 161.802 154.998 Tm (6)Tj /F7 1 Tf 1.2519 0 TD (|)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.1921 0 TD (V)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.7682 0 TD (')Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2205 0 TD [(|\))-249.2(against)-245.3(tidal)-244.6(volume)-245.1(\(b\),)-249.1(where)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -15.4213 -1.067 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6615 0 TD (2)Tj 6.376 0 0 6.376 67.578 146.494 Tm (rs)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 75.515 146.494 Tm [(accounts)-424.7(for)-435.1(the)-429(flow)-430.6(dependence)-422(of)-437(resistance)-423.3(and)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 21.8871 0 TD (V)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0.7682 0 TD (')Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.5975 0 TD [(is)-433.3(flow)60.2(.)]TJ -25.4152 -1.0599 TD (Control)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.4143 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 90.312 138.047 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 104.485 138.047 Tm [(exhibits)-388.9(some)-383.3(flow)-395(and)-383.9(little)-396.7(volume)-387.4(dependenc)15.9(e.)-394.2(Mch)]TJ -5.7972 -1.0599 TD [(induces)-370.9(considera)11.1(ble)-379.2(volume)-366(dependence)-365.1(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.3519 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 209.367 129.6 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 223.37 129.6 Tm [(\(b\),)-377.1(responsible)-366.3(for)]TJ -20.7134 -1.067 TD [(marked)-412.6(hysteresis)-412.3(in)-417.9(the)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.4919 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 146.721 121.096 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 161.065 121.096 Tm [(to)-417.9(flow)-416.4(diagram)-412.9(\(a\).)-418.8(I:)-418(inspiration;)-413.8(E:)]TJ -12.8961 -1.0599 TD (expiration.)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 k /GS3 gs q 222.8024 0 0 177.8522 317.4826 142.8972 cm /Im3 Do Q 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0 0 K 315.14 269.055 11.929 -49.454 re B 328.231 317.636 13.235 -69.383 re B 327.941 251.162 13.816 -76.071 re B 330.558 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252.34 346.62 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 265.153 346.62 Tm (com-)Tj -20.7648 -0.9958 TD [(pared)-250.9(with)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.4557 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 108.737 336.699 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 122.457 336.699 Tm (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.4951 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 133.455 336.699 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 145.644 336.699 Tm [(was)-252.5(signifi)-9.6(cantly)-249.2(less)-252.9(negati)-10.1(ve)-246.6(than)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -8.7691 -1.0015 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 64.29 326.721 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 80.334 326.721 Tm [(during)-230.5(inspirat)-10.7(ion)-232.3(\(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 8.1147 0 TD (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.552 0 TD [(0.04\))-232.6(and)-230.3(expiratio)-10.7(n)-228.4(\()0(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 9.0366 0 TD (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.5577 0 TD (0.01\).)Tj 4.7232 31.9581 TD [(The)-416.5(difference)-420.4(was,)-417.9(however)22.5(,)-410.1(less)-417.9(mark)-8.2(ed)-417.3(than)-415.6(for)-415.2(the)]TJ 0 -0.9958 TD [(con)-8.4(trol)-339.5(data)-342(because)-343.9(the)-340.8(magni)-9.7(tude)-341.6(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.8539 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 473.272 635.187 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 490.394 635.187 Tm [(was)-343.6(greatly)]TJ -18.1756 -1.0015 TD [(incre)-8.6(ased.)]TJ /F5 1 Tf 9.1675 -3.7102 TD [(Discu)-10.9(ssion)]TJ /F7 1 Tf -8.1659 -2.0998 TD [(Th)17.1(is)-357.9(st)17.7(ud)21.2(y)-365(s)0(h)20(o)0(w)17.3(s)-360.5(th)18.8(at)-357.1(in)-351(sp)14.3(on)21.2(ta)18.4(ne)15.1(ou)21.2(sl)12(y)-359.3(b)0(r)19.6(e)0(a)14.7(t)0(h)18.9(i)0(n)18.9(g)-365(ca)20.4(ts)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0527 TD [(ch)15.1(al)18.4(le)18.4(ng)15.5(ed)-292.2(wi)14.9(th)-294.1(Mc)13.2(h)-302.4(a)-302.8(su)20(bs)14.4(ta)18.4(nt)18.9(ia)18.4(l)-304.7(v)0(o)15.5(l)0(u)18.9(m)0(e)-295.3(d)0(e)15.1(p)0(e)20.8(n)0(d)15.5(e)0(n)20.8(c)0(e)-298.2(o)0(f)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 0 -1.0471 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 315.269 546.406 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(l)0(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 334.772 546.406 Tm [(oc)15.1(cu)20.8(rs)-601.8(an)20.8(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.1727 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 392.258 546.406 Tm [(rs)24.1(,l)15(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 411.761 546.406 Tm [(be)20.8(co)15.1(me)17.7(s)-610.8(n)0(e)20.8(g)0(a)15.1(t)0(i)16.5(v)0(e)20.8(.)-609.3(Th)17.1(e)-610.1(u)0(p)15.5(p)0(e)20.8(r)]TJ -10.2828 -1.0527 TD [(ai)12.8(rw)15.7(ay)20.8(s)-400.3(c)0(o)20.8(n)0(t)18.9(r)0(i)17.3(b)0(u)15.5(t)0(e)-391.3(t)0(o)-385.2(t)0(h)13.2(e)-393.8(in)13.2(cr)19.2(ea)20.4(se)-390.1(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.2108 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 466.809 535.918 Tm -0.0162 Tc [(rs)-16.2(,t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 480.302 535.918 Tm -0.0179 Tc [(b)-17.9(u)3.3(t)-419.4(h)-17.9(av)-17.9(e)-406.8(l)-17.9(it)-17.9(tl)-17.9(e)]TJ -17.1627 -1.0471 TD 0 Tc [(im)15.7(pa)15.1(ct)-237.6(on)-240.5(it)16.5(s)-252.3(v)0(a)20.8(r)0(i)17.3(a)0(t)18.5(i)0(o)13.2(n)0(s)-236(w)0(i)14.9(t)0(h)-242.9(t)0(i)22.2(d)0(a)15.1(l)-247.8(vo)15.5(lu)18.9(me)-244.1(an)20.8(d)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.1472 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 496.006 525.486 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 505.871 525.486 Tm [(re)13.5(ma)17.7(in)18.8(s)]TJ -19.7291 -1.0527 TD [(un)15.5(ch)15.1(an)20.8(ge)15.1(d.)]TJ 1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(Th)17.1(is)-272.6(me)17.7(th)18.8(od)-274.7(do)21.2(es)-270.6(no)15.5(t)-276.3(d)0(e)15.1(s)0(c)19.6(r)0(i)17.3(b)0(e)-269.4(t)0(h)13.2(e)-274.3(en)15.1(ti)16.5(re)-271(up)21.2(pe)15.1(r)-281.2(a)0(i)18.5(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)20.8(s)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0528 TD [(as)-395.8(it)-393.2(in)18.9(cl)18.4(ud)15.5(es)-390.1(on)21.2(ly)-396.6(th)18.8(e)-399.5(l)0(a)18.4(r)0(y)13.9(n)0(x)-388.5(a)0(n)15.1(d)-399.1(a)-399.5(s)0(m)16.9(a)0(l)12.8(l)-395.8(le)12.8(ng)21.2(th)-390.9(of)-395.8(th)18.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ce)14.7(rv)19.6(ic)12.8(al)-192.1(tr)17.3(ac)14.7(he)15.1(a.)-195(T)12.2(h)0(e)-201.1(a)0(v)20.8(e)0(r)13.5(a)0(g)20.8(e)-206(re)19.2(la)12.8(ti)22.2(ve)-201.1(co)20.8(nt)18.9(ri)17.3(bu)15.5(ti)16.5(on)-195(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.4974 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 519.477 483.647 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 528.888 483.647 Tm (to)Tj /F3 1 Tf -22.0395 -1.0527 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 315.269 473.159 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(t)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 326.891 473.159 Tm [(at)-203.5(ba)20.8(se)14(li)16.5(ne)-201.1(is)-198.6(~2)18.1(0%)13.2(,)-205.2(a)-211.7(fi)17.3(gu)15.5(re)-202.7(si)17.7(mi)21.4(la)12.8(r)-207.2(t)0(o)-203.1(t)0(h)18.9(a)0(t)-203.5(r)0(e)19.2(p)0(o)15.5(r)0(t)17.3(e)0(d)-201.1(b)0(y)]TJ -1.7641 -1.0471 TD (G)Tj 6.974 0 0 6.974 316.403 462.727 Tm 0.0001 Tc [(AUT)24.1(IE)15.6(R)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 345.6 462.727 Tm 0 Tc [(et)-402.6(al)13.2(.)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 2.5266 0 TD [([2)13.9(0].)-413.2(In)-424.2(rats)-429.7(during)-429.7(nasal)-429.3(breathing,)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.2791 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 529.058 462.727 Tm 0.0001 Tc (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 309.316 452.239 Tm 0 Tc [(amoun)-7.4(ted)-301(to)-294.1(~80%)-298.8(of)-299(the)-295.3(tota)-8.2(l)-293.4(pulm)-8.6(onary)-296(resi)-8.6(stanc)-8.2(e)-291.4([1].)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(Dur)-7.8(ing)-431.5(mout)-8.6(h)-427.6(breat)-8.6(hing)-432.2(in)-436.4(human)-7.4(s,)-429.1(the)-431.9(upp)-8(er)-430.3(airways)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(con)-8.4(tribution)-319.6(to)-311.2(respi)-9.4(ratory)-317.8(imped)-9.7(ance)-311.6(is)-318.1(likely)-313.7(to)-316.9(be)-314.9(less)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(than)-512.3(during)-509.3(nasal)-509(breat)-8.6(hing)-506.2(and)-509.2(intermed)-10.7(iate)-509.4(between)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(these)-531.7(tw)-7.8(o)-524.3(extre)-8.6(mes.)-530.9(Moreo)-7.8(ver)29.9(,)-523.9(the)-528.6(u)-6.5(pper)-528.6(airways)-533.1(re-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(sponse)-229.3(to)-225.8(Mch)-226.6(is)-227(not)-226.6(limited)-229(to)-225.8(the)-227(laryn)-8.2(x)-222.7(but)-226.6(includes)-229.1(the)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(pha)-8.4(rynx)-317.6(as)-321.8(well,)-325.5(as)-321.8(shown)-321.9(by)-320.2(acoust)-9(ic)-317.3(refl)-9(ection)-323.1(studies)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(in)-368.1(human)-7.4(s)-360.5([3].)-370.1(This)-363.6(contr)-8.2(ibution)-371(will)-366.9(increase)-371.4(the)-363.6(mag-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(nitu)-7.8(de)-445.8(of)-447(the)-448.9(total)-449.5(upper)-449.7(a)-6.9(irways)-452.2(respon)-7.8(se.)-447.4(In)-447(the)-448.9(fol-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(low)-8.6(ing)-215.2(discu)-7.8(ssion,)-219.5(it)-216.8(should)-218.7(there)-8.6(fore)-217.2(be)-218.2(kept)-216.4(in)-220.2(mind)-219.1(that)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(since)-321.2(only)-312.7(a)-314.1(fract)-10.2(ion)-312(of)-316.1(the)-312.4(upper)-318.8(airways)-322.5(is)-312.4(studie)-10.9(d,)-308.4(the)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(inte)-8.2(rpretati)-11.6(on)-405.6(shoul)-7.4(d)-404.8(b)0(e)-411.7(more)-412.2(qualitat)-10.7(ive)-409.1(than)-409.9(quantita-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(tive)-435(in)-436.4(nature.)-436.5(This)-431.8(may)-438.3(be)-428.7(especi)-9.4(ally)-435(impo)-8.6(rtant)-431.7(when)]TJ ET 1 i 58.28 759.798 478.205 -0.454 re f 155.225 744.888 295.71 -0.283 re f 58.28 718.979 478.205 -0.51 re f 58.28 693.071 478.205 -0.51 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 773.631 Tm [(Table)-331.9(2.)-336.7(\261)-333.2(Resistance)-228(and)-221.9(coefficients)-229.2(of)-222.9(within-breath)-230.3(variations)-224.8(for)-225(the)-227.3(upper)-222(airways)-224.6(at)-229.2(baseline)-224.1(and)-221.9(peak)-227.7(upper)-222(airways)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(response)-332.9(to)-330.4(methacholine)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 25.1652 -1.7072 TD (Inspiration)Tj 23.6793 -0.6133 TD (Expiration)Tj /F3 1 Tf -36.3757 -1.0496 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 175.521 733.946 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 159.874 724.479 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4859 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 186.916 728.447 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 250.072 733.946 Tm (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6702 0 TD (1)Tj 7.173 0 0 7.173 260.561 733.946 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 242.362 724.479 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 269.461 728.447 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 334.828 733.946 Tm (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6702 0 TD (2)Tj 7.173 0 0 7.173 345.316 733.946 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 325.417 724.479 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 344.693 728.447 Tm (2)Tj /F9 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 348.038 726.463 Tm (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 355.918 728.447 Tm (-2)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 421.398 733.946 Tm (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6702 0 TD (3)Tj 7.173 0 0 7.173 431.887 733.946 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 413.688 724.479 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 440.787 728.447 Tm (-2)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 508.875 733.946 Tm (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 514.261 733.946 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 498.614 724.479 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 525.713 728.447 Tm (-1)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 706.507 Tm [(Baseline)-8225.7(5.3\2131.6)-6158.7(1.5\2130.3)-5665.5(125.9\21358.0)-5860(4.5\2134.0)-6430.6(4.9\2131.5)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(Methacholine)-5685.1(12.4\2133.4*)-5411.6(3.8\2130.8*)-5412.1(172.8\21360.8)-5360.5(59.5\21346.3)-5430.6(12.4\2133.3*)]TJ 0 -1.9411 TD [(Data)-407.9(are)-403.7(presented)-403.9(as)-404.6(mean\213)]TJ 6.276 0 0 6.276 165.657 679.634 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SEM)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 178.469 679.634 Tm 0 Tc (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.6513 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.607 0 TD [(:)-400.2(resistance;)]TJ 7.173 0 0 7.173 236.693 679.634 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 243.383 679.634 Tm [(:)-406.6(upper)-402.9(airways;)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.088 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD [(1:)-406(resistance)-406.8(at)-405.8(zero)-403.2(flow)-403(and)-409.3(constant)-406.1(volume;)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.0879 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6702 0 TD [(2)-404.2(and)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.7441 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6639 0 TD (3:)Tj -52.5624 -1.0559 TD [(respectively)-337.4(coefficients)-325.7(of)-328.7(flow)-333.4(and)-333.4(volume)-336.1(dependence)-335.2(as)-328.8(described)-340.7(in)-330.2(equation)-335.4(1.)-331.2(*:)-336.5(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 36.2303 0 TD (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.5501 0 TD (0.05)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0866 0 TD (versus)Tj /F7 1 Tf 2.8643 0 TD (control.)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0 10 -10 0 71.232 214.088 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (R)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.592 0 TD [( hP)40(a\341s\341L)]TJ 0 8 -8 0 68.964 251.978 Tm (-1)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 3.864 M []0 d /GS3 gs 96.898 174.755 m 96.898 302.254 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 298.988 Tm /GS4 gs (120)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 302.254 m 96.898 302.254 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 278.489 Tm /GS4 gs (100)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 281.755 m 96.898 281.755 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 257.705 Tm /GS4 gs ( 80)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 260.971 m 96.898 260.971 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 235.788 Tm /GS4 gs ( 60)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 239.054 m 96.898 239.054 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 214.721 Tm /GS4 gs ( 40)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 217.987 m 96.898 217.987 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 193.087 Tm /GS4 gs ( 20)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 196.353 m 96.898 196.353 l S BT 10 0 0 10 75.782 171.453 Tm /GS4 gs ( 0)Tj ET /GS3 gs 92.398 174.719 m 210.898 174.719 l S BT 10 0 0 10 62.898 299.755 Tm /GS4 gs (a\))Tj 4.15 -13.6851 TD [(Inspir)10(ation)-2777(Expir)10(ation)]TJ ET /GS3 gs 98.398 196.755 9.5 -22 re S 1 g 111.398 202.755 9.5 -28 re f /CS1 cs /P1 scn 111.398 202.755 9.5 -28 re B 1 g 124.398 249.755 9.5 -75 re f /CS1 cs /P2 scn 124.398 249.755 9.5 -75 re B 1 g 137.398 262.255 9.5 -87.499 re f /CS1 cs /P3 scn 137.398 262.255 9.5 -87.499 re B 162.398 196.755 9.5 -22 re S 1 g 175.398 202.755 9.5 -28 re f /CS1 cs /P1 scn 175.398 202.755 9.5 -28 re B 1 g 188.398 252.755 9.5 -78 re f /CS1 cs /P2 scn 188.398 252.755 9.5 -78 re B 1 g 201.398 266.755 9.5 -91.999 re f /CS1 cs /P3 scn 201.398 266.755 9.5 -91.999 re B 116.398 202.755 m 116.398 206.755 l 102.898 196.755 m 102.898 199.755 l 128.898 249.755 m 128.898 269.255 l 142.398 262.255 m 142.398 283.755 l 166.898 196.755 m 166.898 200.755 l 179.898 202.755 m 179.898 207.255 l 192.898 252.755 m 192.898 274.255 l 205.898 266.755 m 205.898 289.755 l S BT /F32 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 106.898 206.255 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS4 gs (*)Tj ET /GS3 gs 99.398 200.255 m 106.398 200.255 l 112.898 206.755 m 119.898 206.755 l 202.398 290.254 m 209.398 290.254 l 189.398 274.755 m 196.398 274.755 l 176.398 207.755 m 183.398 207.755 l 163.398 201.255 m 170.398 201.255 l 125.398 269.755 m 132.398 269.755 l 139.398 284.255 m 146.398 284.255 l S BT 10 0 0 10 170.398 206.755 Tm /GS4 gs (*)Tj 2.55 8.05 TD (*)Tj -6.35 -0.45 TD (*)Tj /F16 1 Tf 0 10 -10 0 236.731 214.088 Tm (K)Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.547 0 TD [(1 hP)40(a\341s\341L)]TJ 0 8 -8 0 234.463 256.088 Tm (-1)Tj ET /GS3 gs 262.397 174.755 m 262.397 302.254 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 298.988 Tm /GS4 gs (120)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 302.254 m 262.397 302.254 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 278.489 Tm /GS4 gs (100)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 281.755 m 262.397 281.755 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 257.705 Tm /GS4 gs ( 80)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 260.971 m 262.397 260.971 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 235.788 Tm /GS4 gs ( 60)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 239.054 m 262.397 239.054 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 214.721 Tm /GS4 gs ( 40)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 217.987 m 262.397 217.987 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 193.087 Tm /GS4 gs ( 20)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 196.353 m 262.397 196.353 l S BT 10 0 0 10 241.281 171.453 Tm /GS4 gs ( 0)Tj ET /GS3 gs 257.897 174.719 m 312.397 174.719 l S BT 10 0 0 10 228.398 299.755 Tm /GS4 gs (b\))Tj 4.15 -13.6851 TD [(Inspir)10(ation)]TJ ET /GS3 gs 263.897 192.755 9.5 -18 re S 1 g 276.897 194.755 9.5 -20 re f /CS1 cs /P1 scn 276.897 194.755 9.5 -20 re B 1 g 289.897 246.255 9.5 -71.5 re f /CS1 cs /P2 scn 289.897 246.255 9.5 -71.5 re B 1 g 302.897 251.755 9.5 -77 re f /CS1 cs /P3 scn 302.897 251.755 9.5 -77 re B 294.397 246.636 m 294.397 268.404 l 307.897 252.049 m 307.897 274.116 l S BT /F32 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 272.397 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513.467 m 482.778 516.967 l 506.778 513.467 m 506.778 516.967 l 530.278 513.467 m 530.278 516.967 l 409.778 513.467 m 409.778 516.967 l S BT 10 0 0 10 407.778 503.967 Tm /GS4 gs 1.994 Tc [(02)100(4)-50(6)50(8)]TJ 11.8 -0.05 TD 0 Tc (10)Tj -6.8 -1.15 TD (Time s)Tj ET [4 4 ]0 d /GS3 gs 97.28 669.631 m 221.279 669.631 l 96.78 601.132 m 221.279 601.132 l 252.779 599.632 m 377.279 599.632 l 254.279 669.131 m 377.279 669.131 l 406.778 598.132 m 530.278 598.132 l 408.129 667.631 m 530.628 667.631 l S []0 d 407.278 717.131 m 530.278 717.131 l 254.279 718.631 m 377.279 718.631 l 97.28 718.631 m 221.279 718.631 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 58.28 476.617 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs [(Fig.)-327.1(6.)-331.2(\261)-332.2(T)35(ime)-315.5(course)-313.9(of)-316.1(tidal)-315.7(volume,)-315.2(upper)-308.7(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.7075 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 212.145 476.617 Tm (ua)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 218.154 476.617 Tm [(\))-318.2(and)-312.8(lower)-313.6(\()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.2779 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 264.983 476.617 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 276.038 476.617 Tm [(\))-318.2(respirator)9.4(y)-318(system)-318.7(reactance.)-310.8(Small)-311.4(phasic)-316.1(changes)-310.6(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 22.6553 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 461.423 476.617 Tm (ua)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 469.927 476.617 Tm (and)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.7498 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 488.693 476.617 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 502.242 476.617 Tm [(occur)-314.8(after)]TJ -55.703 -1.067 TD [(saline)-233.2(\(a\).)-240.9(Examples)-229.5(of)-230.7(within)-238.9(breath)-229.8(change)-233.3(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.8569 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 213.335 468.113 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 226.261 468.113 Tm [(after)-239.2(methacholin)11.6(e)-238.8(5)-239.8(mg)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 9.5885 0.249 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2703 -0.249 TD (mL)Tj 5.977 0 0 5.313 315.779 471.685 Tm (-1)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 322.583 468.113 Tm [(occurring)-230.8(both)-228.7(in)-240(inspiration)-228.6(and)-234.5(expiration)-233.2(\(b\))-235.9(or)-237.8(in)-232.9(expiration)-233.2(only)]TJ -33.1614 -1.0599 TD [(\(c\).)-333.4(In)-330.3(both)-328.3(examples)-325.4(no)-330.1(change)-325.8(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 14.5464 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 6.376 0 0 6.376 179.036 459.666 Tm (ua)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 187.654 459.666 Tm (occurs.)Tj ET 58.28 202.337 227.168 -0.51 re f 116.05 187.37 79.824 -0.283 re f 199.105 187.37 86.343 -0.283 re f 58.28 161.518 227.168 -0.51 re f 58.28 135.609 227.168 -0.51 re f BT /F2 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 225.638 Tm [(Table)-331.9(3.)-336.7(\261)-333.2(Reactance)-356(of)-355.7(lower)-352.1(respiratory)-358.5(system)-355.8(\()]TJ /F33 1 Tf 22.8257 0 TD (X)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 268.894 225.638 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 282.444 225.638 Tm (\))Tj -25.0008 -1.0559 TD [(and)-582.3(upper)-582.4(airways)-585(\()]TJ /F33 1 Tf 9.6551 0 TD (X)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 150.803 216.17 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 158.74 216.17 Tm [(\))-583.8(a)0(t)-583.3(baseline)-584.5(and)-582.3(peak)-581.7(upper)]TJ -11.2042 -1.0559 TD [(airways)-332.1(response)-332.9(to)-336.7(methacholine)-332.8(in)-336.5(six)-331.1(cats)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 8.7509 -1.7072 TD [(Inspiration)-5404.2(Expiration)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -1.1697 -1.6693 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 131.698 176.428 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 118.885 166.961 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4859 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 145.928 170.929 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 170.646 176.428 Tm (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 176.031 176.428 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 160.384 166.961 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 187.483 170.929 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 212.598 176.428 Tm (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 217.984 176.428 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 205.172 166.961 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3857 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2656 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 232.271 170.929 Tm (-1)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.966 0 0 8.966 260.22 176.428 Tm (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.173 0 0 7.173 265.606 176.428 Tm (ua)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 249.959 166.961 Tm (hPa)Tj /F9 1 Tf 1.4922 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (s)Tj /F9 1 Tf 0.3794 0.2213 TD (.)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.2719 -0.2213 TD (L)Tj 6.725 0 0 5.977 277.058 170.929 Tm (-1)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 58.28 149.046 Tm [(Baseline)-3812.3(4.3\2131.3)-1429.2(3.1\2130.4)-2118.4(5.1\2131.0*)-1289.6(3.5\2130.5)]TJ 0 -1.0559 TD [(Methacholine)-1448.7(-9.7\2138.4)-1429.6(5.0\2131.9)-1296.4(-21.3\21316.5)-1289.5(2.8\2130.7)]TJ 0 -1.9475 TD [(Data)-313(are)-308.8(presented)-309.1(as)-309.8(mean\213)]TJ 6.276 0 0 6.276 162.255 122.117 Tm 0.0001 Tc (SEM)Tj 8.966 0 0 8.966 175.011 122.117 Tm 0.3127 Tc [(.*)312.7(:)7.8(p)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 2.1371 0 TD 0 Tc (<)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.5564 0 TD (0.05)Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0549 0 TD (versus)Tj /F7 1 Tf 2.839 0 TD (correspond-)Tj -20.6064 -1.0559 TD [(ing)-336(inspiration)-334.6(value.)]TJ /F40 1 Tf 0 10 -10 0 318.976 229.273 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (X)Tj /F38 1 Tf 1.003 0 TD [(hP)40.8(a)-228(s)]TJ 0 8 -8 0 316.709 259.857 Tm (-1)Tj 0 10 -10 0 318.976 267.967 Tm (L)Tj 0 8 -8 0 316.709 272.522 Tm (-1)Tj ET 0.5 w 2.613 M 345.177 181.773 m 345.177 323.772 l 340.543 323.772 m 344.976 323.772 l 340.543 305.772 m 344.976 305.772 l 340.543 287.773 m 536.475 287.773 l S BT 10 0 0 10 324.976 265.345 Tm (-10)Tj ET 340.543 269.773 m 344.976 269.773 l S BT 10 0 0 10 324.976 247.912 Tm (-20)Tj ET 340.543 252.34 m 344.976 252.34 l S BT 10 0 0 10 324.976 230.763 Tm (-30)Tj ET 340.543 235.191 m 344.976 235.191 l S BT 10 0 0 10 324.976 213.046 Tm (-40)Tj ET 340.543 217.474 m 344.976 217.474 l S BT 10 0 0 10 324.976 195.046 Tm (-50)Tj ET 340.543 199.474 m 344.976 199.474 l S BT 10 0 0 10 324.976 177.046 Tm (-60)Tj ET 340.543 181.474 m 344.976 181.474 l S BT 10 0 0 10 327.823 319.345 Tm (20)Tj 0 -1.8001 TD (10)Tj 0.456 -1.8001 TD (0)Tj ET 347.976 181.773 m 536.475 181.773 l S BT 10 0 0 10 370.842 169.562 Tm [(Inspiration)-6980.9(Expiration)]TJ ET 346.976 295.272 m 363.476 295.272 l 363.476 287.773 l 346.976 287.773 l 346.976 295.272 l S q 368.476 300.772 16.5 -13 re W* n BT /T25 1 Tf 3.6 0 0 3.6 368.472 287.721 Tm (aaaaa)Tj 0 1 TD (aaaaa)Tj T* (aaaaa)Tj T* (aaaaa)Tj 0 -3 TD (bbbbb)Tj 0 1 TD (bbbbb)Tj T* (bbbbb)Tj T* (bbbbb)Tj ET Q 368.476 300.772 16.5 -13 re S q 390.476 287.773 16.5 -31.5 re W* n 0.36 w 421.098 274.825 m 395.912 249.638 l 418.298 277.625 m 393.112 252.438 l 415.498 280.425 m 390.311 255.238 l 412.698 283.225 m 387.511 258.039 l 409.898 286.025 m 384.711 260.839 l 407.098 288.825 m 381.911 263.639 l 404.298 291.626 m 379.111 266.439 l 401.497 294.426 m 376.311 269.239 l 398.697 297.226 m 373.511 272.039 l S Q 390.476 287.773 16.5 -31.5 re S q 412.476 287.773 16.5 -22 re W* n 0.36 w 423.544 260.088 m 404.055 279.577 l 426.344 262.888 m 406.855 282.377 l 429.144 265.688 m 409.655 285.177 l 431.944 268.488 m 412.455 287.977 l 434.744 271.288 m 415.255 290.777 l 437.544 274.089 m 418.056 293.577 l 440.345 276.889 m 420.856 296.378 l S Q 412.476 287.773 16.5 -22 re 455.475 295.772 m 471.975 295.772 l 471.975 287.773 l 455.475 287.773 l 455.475 295.772 l S q 476.475 301.772 16.5 -14 re W* n BT /T26 1 Tf 3.6 0 0 3.6 476.471 287.721 Tm (aaaaa)Tj 0 1 TD (aaaaa)Tj T* (aaaaa)Tj T* (aaaaa)Tj 0 -3 TD (bbbbb)Tj 0 1 TD (bbbbb)Tj T* (bbbbb)Tj T* (bbbbb)Tj ET Q 476.475 301.772 16.5 -14 re S q 497.975 287.773 16.5 -56 re W* n 0.36 w 544.76 262.549 m 503.407 221.196 l 541.959 265.349 m 500.607 223.996 l 539.159 268.149 m 497.807 226.797 l 536.359 270.949 m 495.007 229.597 l 533.559 273.749 m 492.207 232.397 l 530.759 276.549 m 489.406 235.197 l 527.959 279.35 m 486.606 237.997 l 525.159 282.15 m 483.806 240.797 l 522.359 284.95 m 481.006 243.597 l 519.558 287.75 m 478.206 246.398 l 516.758 290.55 m 475.406 249.198 l 513.958 293.35 m 472.606 251.998 l 511.158 296.15 m 469.806 254.798 l 508.358 298.951 m 467.005 257.598 l 505.558 301.751 m 464.205 260.398 l S Q 497.975 287.773 16.5 -56 re S q 519.975 287.773 16.5 -51 re W* n 0.36 w 531.039 227.121 m 493.091 265.069 l 533.839 229.921 m 495.891 267.869 l 536.64 232.721 m 498.692 270.669 l 539.44 235.521 m 501.492 273.469 l 542.24 238.321 m 504.292 276.269 l 545.04 241.122 m 507.092 279.07 l 547.84 243.922 m 509.892 281.87 l 550.64 246.722 m 512.692 284.67 l 553.44 249.522 m 515.492 287.47 l 556.24 252.322 m 518.292 290.27 l 559.041 255.122 m 521.093 293.07 l 561.841 257.922 m 523.893 295.87 l 564.641 260.722 m 526.693 298.67 l 567.441 263.523 m 529.493 301.471 l S Q 519.975 287.773 16.5 -51 re 376.976 300.772 m 376.976 303.273 l 355.476 295.272 m 355.476 297.272 l 398.476 256.273 m 398.476 238.273 l 420.476 265.773 m 420.476 248.773 l 463.475 295.772 m 463.475 297.772 l 484.975 301.772 m 484.975 303.772 l 505.975 231.773 m 505.975 202.273 l 527.975 236.773 m 527.975 207.273 l 524.475 206.773 m 531.975 206.773 l 501.975 201.773 m 509.475 201.773 l 481.475 304.272 m 488.975 304.272 l 459.975 298.273 m 467.475 298.273 l 416.476 248.273 m 423.975 248.273 l 394.476 237.773 m 401.976 237.773 l 351.976 297.772 m 359.476 297.772 l 373.476 303.273 m 380.976 303.273 l S BT /F36 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 515.975 188.946 Tm (*)Tj -10.8504 3.7001 TD (*)Tj 8 0 0 8 471.475 305.406 Tm (#)Tj -13.5628 -0.0625 TD (#)Tj ET 0.84 0.72 0.72 0.88 k 0.216 w 315.705 255.178 m 315.939 255.178 316.129 254.988 316.129 254.754 c 316.129 254.52 315.939 254.33 315.705 254.33 c 315.471 254.33 315.28 254.52 315.28 254.754 c 315.28 254.988 315.471 255.178 315.705 255.178 c b* 315.56 267.033 m 315.794 267.033 315.985 266.842 315.985 266.608 c 315.985 266.374 315.794 266.184 315.56 266.184 c 315.326 266.184 315.136 266.374 315.136 266.608 c 315.136 266.842 315.326 267.033 315.56 267.033 c b* BT /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 308.976 154.772 Tm 0 g 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[(.)-336.1(S)11.4(om)18.1(e)-336.9(c)0(a)20.4(t)0(s)-323.8(d)0(e)15.1(f)0(i)17.3(n)0(i)18.9(t)0(e)18.4(l)0(y)-328.3(e)0(x)20.8(h)0(i)18.9(b)0(i)13.2(t)0(e)18.4(d)-330.8(in)18.9(cr)13.5(ea)20.4(se)13.9(d)-330.8(f)0(l)17.3(o)0(w)-324.1(d)0(e)15.1(-)]TJ -2.4868 -1.0527 TD [(pe)15.1(nd)21.2(en)15.1(ce)20.4(,)-176.8(a)0(l)18.4(t)0(h)13.2(o)0(u)21.2(g)0(h)-166.6(t)0(h)13.2(e)-177.6(av)20.8(er)19.2(ag)15.1(e)-177.6(c)0(h)15.1(a)0(n)20.8(g)0(e)-167(i)0(n)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.1384 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6601 0 TD (2)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 230.513 332.22 Tm [(rs)17(,)15.3(l)0(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 245.707 332.22 Tm [(wa)16.9(s)-178.4(f)0(o)19.6(u)0(n)15.5(d)]TJ -18.813 -1.0471 TD [(no)15.5(t)-230.8(t)0(o)-225.8(b)0(e)-229.6(s)0(t)17.7(a)0(t)18.4(i)0(s)17.7(t)0(i)16.5(c)0(a)14.7(l)13.9(ly)-231.5(si)17.7(gn)21.2(if)17.3(ic)18.4(an)15.1(t,)-225.5(ow)17.3(in)18.9(g)-234.1(t)0(o)-225.8(t)0(h)13.2(e)-234.5(la)18.4(r)20.4(g)0(e)-229.6(v)0(a)20.8(r)0(i)17.3(a)0(b)15.1(-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(il)16.5(it)16.5(y)-308.1(o)0(f)-304.7(t)0(h)18.9(i)0(s)-301(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(o)0(n)15.5(s)0(e)19.6(.)-313.4(T)12.2(h)0(e)15.1(s)0(e)-304.7(i)13.9(nc)15.1(re)19.2(as)13.9(es)-299(pr)14(ov)21.2(id)13.2(ed)-297.8(so)14.4(me)-301(ev)15.1(i-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(de)15.1(nc)20.8(e)-217.4(t)0(o)-208.8(t)0(h)18.9(e)-217.4(ex)20.8(pe)15.1(ct)18.5(ed)-206.8(de)15.1(cr)19.2(ea)14.7(se)-202.3(in)-208.8(br)13.9(on)21.2(ch)15.1(ia)18.4(l)-213.7(c)0(a)14.7(l)0(i)16.5(b)0(r)19.6(e)0(.)-206.4(D)0(u)17.3(r)0(i)17.3(n)0(g)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(th)18.9(e)-319.8(p)0(e)15.1(a)0(k)-309.2(u)0(p)15.5(p)0(e)20.8(r)-321(ai)18.4(rw)15.7(ay)15.1(s)-320.6(r)0(e)19.2(s)0(p)20(o)0(n)15.5(s)0(e)-310.4(t)0(h)18.9(e)0(r)13.5(e)-319.8(wa)16.9(s)-320.6(a)0(l)18.4(s)0(o)-310(a)-319.8(si)17.7(gn)15.5(if)17.3(i-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ca)14.7(nt)-430.7(i)13.9(n)0(c)15.1(r)0(e)19.2(a)0(s)13.9(e)-439.3(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 6.4132 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6601 0 TD (1)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 133.625 279.95 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 145.361 279.95 Tm [(in)-430.7(in)18.9(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.4(io)18.9(n)-438.9(a)0(n)15.1(d)-438.9(a)-439.3(n)0(o)21.2(n)0(s)14.4(i)0(g)18.9(n)0(i)18.9(f)0(i)17.3(c)0(a)14.7(n)0(t)]TJ -8.7407 -1.0528 TD [(tr)17.3(en)15.1(d)-501.5(f)0(o)19.6(r)-503.1(an)-497(in)18.9(cr)19.2(ea)14.7(se)-492.5(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.4934 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6544 0 TD (2)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 174.274 269.461 Tm -0.0163 Tc (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 181.531 269.461 Tm 0 Tc [(.)-501.2(S)0(i)14(g)0(n)21.2(i)0(f)17.3(i)0(c)12.8(a)0(n)20.8(t)-503.9(re)19.2(du)15.5(ct)18.4(io)18.9(n)-507.2(i)0(n)]TJ -12.3713 -1.0527 TD [(gl)18.9(ot)18.9(ti)16.5(c)-302.8(a)0(p)15.1(e)0(r)19.2(t)0(u)13.2(r)0(e)19.2(,)-302(as)-293.3(al)18.4(re)13.5(ad)20.8(y)-302.4(d)0(e)15.1(m)0(o)18.1(n)0(s)14.4(t)0(r)17.3(a)0(t)18.4(e)0(d)-292.2(d)0(u)15.5(r)0(i)17.3(n)0(g)-291.7(b)0(r)13.9(o)0(n)21.2(c)0(h)15.1(i)0(a)18.4(l)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ch)15.1(al)18.5(le)18.4(ng)15.5(e)-206(i)0(n)-203.1(a)0(n)20.8(i)0(m)15.7(a)0(l)18.4(s)-212.5([2)19.6(])-218.6(and)-218.9(norm)-7.8(al)-220.6(human)-7.4(s)-218.2([3\2615])-223.2(or)-219.4(asth-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(matics)-259.2([6,)-253.9(7])-253.5(may)-256.2(contr)-8.2(ibute)-253.7(to)-254.3(the)-255.5(findings.)-258.7(The)-257.2(effect)-250.4(of)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(the)-323.7(upper)-324.5(airways)-328.2(respon)-7.8(se)-316.1(was)-326.5(to)-316.9(incre)-8.6(ase)-323(both)-324.1(the)-318.1(lin-)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(ear)-351.8(and)-355.5(nonlinear)-355.5(compo)-7.4(nent)-353(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.3785 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 197.631 217.134 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 207.383 217.134 Tm [(,)-347.5(a)0(s)-350.2(b)-6.5(oth)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.898 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6658 0 TD (1)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 257.839 217.134 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 271.105 217.134 Tm (and)Tj /F3 1 Tf -21.3623 -1.0471 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6658 0 TD (2)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 69.902 206.702 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 82.998 206.702 Tm [(wer)-8.2(e)-331.2(respec)-8.6(tive)-8.2(ly)-334(lar)10.4(g)-6.5(e)0(r)-333.6(than)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 12.0298 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6715 0 TD (1)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 214.526 206.702 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 231.59 206.702 Tm (and)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.7698 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6715 0 TD (2)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 260.901 206.702 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 274.62 206.702 Tm (.)Tj -20.7136 -1.0527 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-524.7(m)0(o)12.4(s)0(t)-517.2(s)0(t)17.7(r)0(i)17.3(k)0(i)18.9(n)0(g)-513.7(f)0(i)17.3(n)0(d)15.5(i)0(n)18.9(g)-524.3(wa)11.2(s)-525.5(t)0(h)18.9(e)-524.7(ma)17.7(rk)13.9(ed)-514.1(ne)15.1(ga)20.8(ti)16.5(ve)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(vo)15.5(lu)18.8(me)-318.1(de)15.1(pe)20.8(nd)15.5(en)20.8(ce)-321(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.3325 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 157.209 185.783 Tm [(rs)24.1(,l)15(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 173.877 185.783 Tm [(\(n)13.9(eg)20.8(at)18.4(iv)13.2(e)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.9322 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6544 0 TD (3)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 224.504 185.783 Tm [(rs)24.1(,l)22.1(o)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 237.827 185.783 Tm [(\))-326.7(a)0(f)13.5(t)0(e)18.4(r)-326.7(Mc)18.9(h.)]TJ -18.022 -1.0527 TD [(Lu)17.1(ng)-189.3(in)18.9(fl)11.6(at)18.4(io)18.9(n)-199.9(h)0(a)15.1(s)-195.4(be)15.1(en)-189.7(fo)13.9(un)21.2(d)-199.9(t)0(o)-191.7(r)0(e)13.5(v)0(e)20.8(r)0(s)18.4(e)-206(hi)18.9(st)17.7(am)17.7(in)18.9(e)-200.3(i)0(n)13.2(d)0(u)21.2(c)0(e)14.7(d)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(al)18.4(te)18.4(ra)13.5(ti)16.5(on)21.2(s)-229.6(i)0(n)-220.2(l)13.9(un)15.5(g)-228.4(m)0(e)17.7(c)0(h)15.1(a)0(n)20.8(i)0(c)18.4(s)-229.6(re)19.2(la)12.8(t)13.9(e)0(d)-218.2(t)0(o)-220.2(a)0(i)18.4(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)-218.2(c)0(o)15.1(n)0(s)20(t)0(r)17.3(i)0(c)12.8(t)13.9(io)13.2(n)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [([2)19.6(].)-486.4(Mch)-488.3(was)-485.8(shown)-486.9(to)-481.9(enh)-8.4(ance)-482.3(the)-488.8(negative)-490.1(volum)-9.3(e)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(dependen)-7.3(ce)-241.3(of)-242.1(airw)-11.4(ays)-242.9(resistanc)-11.1(e)-240.2([15],)-245.6(although)-244.6(the)-244.1(mag-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(nitude)-300(of)-293.3(the)-295.3(effect)-290.2(appeared)-299.5(to)-294.1(vary)-295.3(wi)-7.8(th)-294.1(animal)-297.8(speci)-8.2(es)]TJ T* [([27].)-268.4(The)-262.9(observ)-7.8(ed)-263.7(negati)-10.1(ve)-263.7(volume)-266.6(dep)-8.4(endence)-268.7(induce)-7.8(d)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(by)-240.5(Mch)-238(may)-244.8(thus)-239.9(reason)-8.2(ably)-239.1(be)-240.9(attribut)-11.9(ed)-235.2(to)-242.9(mecha)-8.2(nisms)]TJ 25.1977 66.1583 TD [(dep)-8.4(endent)-263.8(on)-263.3(broncho)-7.3(const)-7.8(ricted)-267.8(airways.)-266(In)-264.9(contr)-8.2(ast,)-262.7(no)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(signi)-9.8(ficant)-404.4(change)-404.1(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.9626 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6658 0 TD (3)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 410.23 761.216 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 421.625 761.216 Tm [(was)-406.2(found)-403.8(after)-402.8(Mch.)-403.4(Simi-)]TJ -11.273 -1.0528 TD [(larl)-9.8(y)61.8(,)-279.2(in)-277.1(the)-283.9(study)-280.5(of)-282(S)]TJ 6.974 0 0 6.974 398.041 750.727 Tm 0.0001 Tc (HINDOH)Tj /F3 1 Tf 9.963 0 0 9.963 428.145 750.727 Tm 0 Tc [(et)-283.1(al)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 1.7641 0 TD [(.)-279.2([7],)-279(the)-283.9(estimated)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.7562 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 529.058 750.727 Tm 0.0001 Tc (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 309.316 740.296 Tm 0 Tc [(show)-8.2(ed)-280.8(little)-284.3(varia)-8.6(tion)-281(in)-282.7(the)-278.2(tida)-8.2(l)-276.3(volum)-9.3(e)-274.3(range)-285(in)-282.7(either)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(norm)-7.8(al)-220.6(or)-219.4(asthmati)-12.7(c)-217.4(subje)-7.8(cts)-222.5([7].)-222.1(The)-217.4(patt)-8.2(ern)-220.5(is)-221.3(thus)-217.2(clear-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ly)-299.8(different)-301.7(from)-299.6(that)-304.1(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.8674 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 413.631 719.376 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 427.408 719.376 Tm (.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5463 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6658 0 TD (3)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 444.472 719.376 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 454.904 719.376 Tm [(was)-298(smal)-10.2(l)-293.4(compa)-7.8(red)]TJ -14.6133 -1.0528 TD [(wi)-7.8(th)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 2.0827 0 TD (K)Tj /F7 1 Tf 0.6658 0 TD (3)Tj 7.97 0 0 7.97 341.688 708.888 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 358.583 708.888 Tm [(after)-317.5(Mch,)-323.7(so)-315.7(that)-321.2(the)-318.1(upper)-318.8(airways)-322.5(did)-317.7(not)]TJ -4.9451 -1.0471 TD [(incre)-8.6(ase)-374.2(the)-369.3(v)-6.5(olume)-373.9(dependen)-7.3(ce)-372.2(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 14.8011 0 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 462.784 698.456 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 476.22 698.456 Tm [(compa)-7.8(red)-374.2(with)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -16.753 -1.0527 TD (R)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 315.383 687.968 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 332.447 687.968 Tm [(\(fig.)-339.1(5\).)]TJ -1.3202 -1.0527 TD [(Th)17.1(e)-524.7(l)0(o)18.8(w)0(e)16.9(r)-520.2(re)19.2(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.5(or)19.6(y)-524.3(s)0(y)20(s)0(t)17.7(e)0(m)-511.5(r)0(e)13.5(s)0(p)20(o)0(n)15.5(s)0(e)-509.6(t)0(o)-510.4(M)0(c)18.9(h)-524.3(al)18.4(so)]TJ -1.0015 -1.0471 TD [(in)13.2(cl)18.4(ud)21.2(ed)-297.8(ch)15.1(an)20.8(ge)-297.8(in)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.8017 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 392.995 667.049 Tm -0.0156 Tc [(rs)-15.6(,lo)]TJ 9.963 0 0 9.963 409.436 667.049 Tm 0 Tc [(th)18.8(at)-300.2(be)15.1(ca)20.4(me)-301(ne)20.8(ga)15.1(ti)16.5(ve)20.8(,)-307.7(i)0(n)18.9(d)0(i)18.8(c)0(a)14.7(t)0(i)16.5(n)0(g)]TJ -10.0495 -1.0528 TD [(an)-223.9(in)18.9(cr)19.2(ea)14.7(se)-219.4(in)-220.2(ap)20.8(pa)15.1(re)19.2(nt)-220.2(re)19.2(sp)14.4(ir)17.3(at)18.5(or)19.6(y)-228.4(e)0(l)18.4(a)0(s)13.9(t)0(a)18.4(n)0(c)15.1(e)0(.)-217.8(A)0(l)14.9(t)13.9(er)13.5(na)20.8(ti)16.5(ve)15.1(ly)81.5(,)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD -0.0181 Tc [(t)-18.1(h)-4.9(e)-309.5(b)-18.1(ro)-18.1(nc)-18.1(ho)-18.1(co)-18.1(ns)-18.1(tr)-18.1(ic)-18.1(ti)-18.1(o)-4.9(n)-309.1(m)-18.1(a)-0.4(y)-309.1(a)-18.1(lt)-18.1(er)-310.7(t)-18.1(h)0.8(e)-309.5(a)-18.1(pp)-18.1(ar)-18.1(en)-18.1(t)-300.8(r)-18.1(es)-18.1(pi)-18.1(ra)-18.1(t)-5.3(o)-18.1(ry)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD 0 Tc [(el)12.8(as)19.6(ta)18.4(nc)15.1(e)-257.2(b)0(e)20.8(c)0(a)14.7(u)0(s)20(e)-262.9(of)-247.8(th)18.8(e)-257.2(i)0(n)13.2(t)13.9(er)13.5(de)20.8(pe)15.1(nd)15.5(en)20.8(ce)-252.7(be)20.8(tw)14.9(ee)20.4(n)-262.5(a)0(i)18.5(r)0(w)15.7(a)0(y)20.8(s)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(an)15.1(d)-296.7(l)0(u)18.9(n)0(g)-286.1(p)0(a)15.1(r)0(e)19.2(n)0(c)15.1(h)0(y)21.2(m)0(a)-289.6([)0(1)48.1(1].)-299.4(Any)-307.8(aspect)-311(of)-310.4(mechanical)-319.2(in-)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD [(homog)-7(eneit)-9.4(y)61.8(,)-296.3(the)-301(reopeni)-10.1(ng)-303.1(of)-299(the)-301(airways)-305.5(or)-304.7(the)-301(airway)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(to)-288.4(parench)-8.1(yma)-284.7(interdepend)-10.3(ence)-288.8(could)-285.4(be)-280.8(associ)-10.1(ated)-285.1(with)]TJ 0 -1.0528 TD [(varia)-8.6(tions)-334.1(of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.389 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 369.071 593.801 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 386.079 593.801 Tm [(wi)-7.8(th)-328.3(tida)-8.2(l)-333.2(volume)-334.9(durin)-7.8(g)-330.8(both)-335.5(inspir-)]TJ -7.705 -1.0471 TD 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[(anism)-10.9(s)-309.2(invol)-8.6(ved)-315.7(in)-311.2(decreas)-9.7(ing)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 12.4964 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 439.88 531.042 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 453.6 531.042 Tm [(,)-313.4(adding)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 3.585 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 495.383 531.042 Tm (ua)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 505.927 531.042 Tm (to)Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.0812 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 522.765 531.042 Tm (rs,lo)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 309.316 520.611 Tm [(only)-204.6(contr)-8.2(ibuted)-203.2(to)-197.4(render)-8.6(ing)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 11.6599 0 TD (X)Tj /F7 1 Tf 7.97 0 0 7.97 431.49 520.611 Tm (rs,t)Tj 9.963 0 0 9.963 443.225 520.611 Tm [(signi)-9.8(ficantly)-203.4(more)-207.4(posi-)]TJ -13.4411 -1.0528 TD [(tive)-423.6(because)-423.6(of)-424.2(the)-420.5(inertial)-427.7(properties)-427.3(of)-418.5(the)-420.5(upper)-421.2(air-)]TJ 0 -1.0471 TD [(ways)-8.6(.)-239.4(The)-245.8(effect)-239(was)-246.8(of)-247.8(course)-247.2(much)-245.6(less)-247.2(than)-244.8(a)-6.9(t)-242.1(baseline)]TJ 0 -1.0527 TD 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